الوكالة الأمريكية للتنمية — العراق: نشرة حقائق رقم 17، 22 نيسان 2003

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Iraq – Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet #17, Fiscal Year (FY) 2003 April 22, 2003 Background Humanitarian conditions have deteriorated in Iraq since the 1990 invasion of Kuwait and the subsequent Government of Iraq (GOI) manipulation of international sanctions. In 1996, the GOI accepted the U.N. Oil-for- Food Program (OFF), after which humanitarian conditions improved. Between 1991 and 1996, the U.S. Government provided nearly $794 million in humanitarian assistance to internally displaced persons (IDPs) in northern Iraq. Since 1996, revenues from OFF have provided food, medicine, and other civilian goods to assist vulnerable Iraqis. U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan noted in a letter to the U.N. Security Council (UNSC), that the GOI has ordered and paid for food, medicine, and other humanitarian supplies under OFF that have not yet been delivered. The World Food Program (WFP) estimates that 16 million Iraqis—approximately 60 percent of the total population—rely solely on food rations distributed through OFF in order to meet household needs. On March 20, 2003, Coalition forces began military operations in Iraq. As a result of the conflict, the U.N. Secretary General suspended the OFF food distribution system. On March 28, the UNSC unanimously passed resolution 1472 that allows the U.N. to administer Iraq’s OFF program for 45 days (until May 12). As the U.N. takes over the OFF program, WFP’s first priority is to contact recently active suppliers able to rapidly provide food, medicine, and other humanitarian supplies. NUMBERS AT A GLANCE SOURCE Internally Displaced in Iraq 3,414 in Arbil* 6,379 in Dahuk* 54 in As Sulaymaniyah* 3,000 in Badrah 1,000 at Al Karama border with Jordan UNOHCI (April 16, 2003) UNOHCI (April 16, 2003) UNOHCI (April 16, 2003) UNOHCI (April 17, 2003) UNHCR (April 20, 2003) Refugees from Iraq UNHCR (April 22, 2003) U.S. Committee for Refugees (2001) 94 – Jordan Old caseload refugees: 203,000 – Iran 5,100 – Saudi Arabia 250,000-300,000 – Jordan 40,000 – Syria *Estimates of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in public buildings, with host families, and in open air. Baghdad and Baghdad Governorate According to the United Nations Office of the Humanitarian Coordinator for Iraq (UNOHCI) on April 22, non- governmental organizations (NGOs) working in Jalawla, Khanaqin, and Kirkuk (Tameen) (areas previously controlled by the GOI) report that Arab families are being pressured to leave these areas, and some displacement has already occurred near Jalawla. UNOHCI has not been able to confirm these reports. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) unloaded five World Health Organization (WHO) surgical kits at warehouses in Baghdad. The kits will be distributed in the near future. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) reported that the water supply remains a concern in Baghdad, although approximately 1.3 million cubic meters of treated water are available through the city’s water system each day. ICRC restored the Dora water treatment plant that serves 70,000 residents of Baghdad. ICRC also provided spare parts to facilitate the resumption of operations at the Al Wadha water treatment plant. ICRC- sponsored water tankers continue to serve sections of Baghdad that are poorly served by the existing water system. ICRC indicated that sewage treatment and disposal is a major problem in Baghdad with potential negative effects on public health. ICRC recently assessed several treatment plants throughout the city. Northern Iraq On April 21, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) provided an emergency medical kit from its warehouse in Arbil to Kirkuk. Medical supplies and equipment in kit are designed to assist 10,000 people for three months. The United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS) resumed social and vocational training activities for IDPs and other vulnerable populations in Arbil and As Sulaymaniyah, which was temporarily suspended at the onset of the conflict. Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet – April 22, 2003 UNOPS plans to close the Delizian and Ashkawtawan IDP camps in Arbil as no IDPs remain in the camps. However, UNOPS is planning to resume previous activities such as the renovation of water and sanitation facilities and constructing shelter in camps in Dahuk that contain old caseload IDPs. Six UNICEF trucks sent from Turkey carrying pumps, generator sets, and health supplies arrived in Dahuk during the past few days. Southern Iraq UNICEF sent 39 water tankers to Al Basrah, 14 to Umm Qasr, and 1 to Az Zubayr between April 18 and 21. Western Iraq The first joint International Organization for Migration (IOM)/U.N. evaluation mission departed Jordan on April 22. The assessment team, created in conjunction with the U.N. Security Coordinator (UNSECOORD), plan to assess the security situation in Al Anbar Governorate in western Iraq and determine the feasibility of using the main road between the Jordanian border and Baghdad for large-scale relief convoys. Current Humanitarian Situation by Sector Food On April 22, WFP reported that since April 5, it has delivered 10,000 metric tons (MT) of wheat flour to northern Iraq and 2,170 MT of pulses. Ten WFP trucks containing 200 MT of oil entered Iraq from Iran en route to As Sulaymaniyah on April 21. One hundred forty-one trucks carrying 3,090 MT of WFP food departed Gazientap and Mersin, Turkey en route to Arbil, Dahuk, and As Sulaymaniyah on April 19, and should reach the Habur border crossing on April 22. Health In response to an outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in Al’Amarah, Maysan Governorate, UNICEF sent 100 vials of medicines. UNICEF also sent 200 vials of medicine to An Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar Governorate. Since January, 400 cases and 6 deaths have been reported, which is an increase from 2002 rates. Visceral leishmaniasis is endemic to southern Iraq. Humanitarian Assistance UNOHCI reported that the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia issued a blanket authorization on April 21 allowing the over-flight and landing of U.N. humanitarian flights. Population Movements More than 1,000 refugees remain at the border between Jordan and Iraq, and are receiving humanitarian assistance from the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and partner agencies. On April 21, the Government of Jordan (GOJ) allowed 94 individuals to enter UNHCR’s refugee camp in Ruweished, Jordan. The refugees are Palestinians with Jordanian spouses or other close family members of Jordanian nationality. UNHCR reported on April 22 that the GOJ requires the mixed Palestinian/Jordanian families to sign waivers specifying intent to return to Iraq at the end of the current crisis. The majority of the displaced population remaining on the Iraqi side of the border is Iranian Kurds from the Al Tash refugee camp. IOM reported on April 22 that 88 third country nationals (TCNs) and asylum seekers fleeing Iraq have entered the TCN transit camp at Ruweished since April 18. IOM has assisted 826 of 1,114 TCNs return home since the beginning of the conflict. UNHCR reported on April 22 that security forces in Syria removed 32 Iraqi refugees, including 23 children, from the El-Hol refugee camp in northeastern Syria. Syrian authorities proceeded to relocate the refugees, all former residents of Tikrit in northern Iraq, to the Iraqi side of the border, in an incident similar to the relocation of 12 Iraqis from Syrian camps to Iraq on April 13. UNHCR has expressed concern about the return of the refugees to Iraq. IOM reported that 676 Sudanese individuals entered Syria on April 22 after waiting at the Abukamal border crossing for several days. On April 26, IOM plans to return the TCNs to Sudan via commercial airline. An additional 65 Sudanese remain at the border at the northern Yarrubiye border crossing, and may enter Syria within a few days. As a result of discussions with IOM, the Government of Syria (GOS) allowed 256 Yemeni TCNs to cross into Syria during recent days. IOM plans to repatriate the people to Yemen in the near future. U.S. Government Response Deployment The United States Government deployed a DART to the region to assess humanitarian needs and coordinate the emergency relief effort. DART members are located in Iraq, Kuwait, Turkey, Jordan, Cyprus, and Qatar and are working closely with U.N. agencies, NGOs, and in coordination with U.S. Military Civil Affairs personnel at the Humanitarian Operations Center (HOC). On March 16, USAID deployed 24 staff to the region to prepare for reconstruction efforts. On April 21, the leadership of the Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA) relocated from Kuwait City to Baghdad. Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet – April 22, 2003 Pre-Positioning Prior to Coalition military activity in Iraq, USAID’s Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID/OFDA) provided funding to assist U.N. and NGO preparedness activities. In addition, USAID/OFDA has pre-positioned relief commodities in three warehouses in Jordan, Kuwait, and UAE. USAID’s Office of Food for Peace (USAID/FFP) has supported WFP’s planning and preparation efforts to meet the emergency food needs of vulnerable populations in Iraq. The State Department’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration (State/PRM) provided assistance to UNHCR and IOM to pre-position supplies for 600,000 potential Iraqi refugees and IDPs located at Iraq’s borders, to establish transit camps for TCNs fleeing Iraq, and to pre-position supplies for the transportation of refugees and other migrants. As part of the USG contingency plan for Iraq, USAID’s Asia and Near East Bureau (USAID/ANE) began the process for limited competitive procurement for eight contracts, including seaport management, airport management, logistics, capital construction, education, local governance, health, and staff support. Emergency Relief USAID/OFDA is supporting NGO emergency assistance activities with quick-impact projects and IDP support. USAID/FFP provided emergency food commodities through the Emerson Trust and P.L. 480 Title II emergency food assistance to WFP for distribution to food insecure Iraqis. WFP also received a cash contribution from USAID/FFP for the purchase of commodities in the region. USAID’s Office of Transition Initiatives (USAID/OTI) supported IOM and Development Alternatives, Incorporated (DAI) to prepare for the implementation of the Iraq Transition Initiative (ITI), which supports political stabilization and community recovery activities in post-conflict Iraq. State/PRM contributed assistance for the pre-positioning and emergency response activities of UNHCR, ICRC, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), and IOM. Commodity Movements The DART has approved the American Refugee Committee’s (ARC) request for 50 rolls of plastic sheeting, 20,000 blankets, and 5,000 hygiene kits to support the needs of vulnerable families in Al Basrah. The DART has approved Mercy Corps’ request for two WHO health kits from USAID/OFDA’s emergency stockpile in Kuwait. Each of the kits is capable of supporting the health needs of 10,000 people for three months. The kits will be used in the Telkef and Ain Sifni Districts of Mosul Governorate, where a chronic shortage of medical supplies has been exacerbated by looting and the increased demands placed on the health system by the presence of IDPs in affected villages from Baghdad and Mosul City. Reconstruction To date, USAID’s Bureau for Asia and the Near East (USAID/ANE) provided assistance for reconstruction activities in Iraq. USAID/ANE supported UNICEF and WHO for health, education, and water and sanitation needs, Stevedoring Services of America (SSA) to assess and manage the Umm Qasr port, Creative Associates International to address education issues, the Research Triangle Institute to pursue local governance initiatives, and the Air Force Contract Augmentation Program (AFCAP) to provide logistical support to all USAID/ANE operations. USAID/ANE also supported Bechtel National, Incorporated for emergency infrastructure repair and rehabilitation. Other Donor and International Organization Assistance* On April 22, the European Commission announced the allocation of more than $10.9 million, or EUR 10 million, to meet urgent medical needs in Iraq. The funding is part of the $109.8 million (EUR 100 million) announced on March 20, of which $13.7 million (EUR 12.5 million) has been allocated. The European Commission Humanitarian Aid Office will channel the funds through NGOs, U.N. agencies, and international organizations to benefit Iraqis in urban areas of Al Basrah and Baghdad. To date, the Government of Spain has committed nearly $58.6 million, or nearly EUR 53.36 million, to address the humanitarian needs of the Iraq population. Of this total, U.N. agencies, including WFP, UNICEF, WHO, UNHCR, and the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UN OCHA), received $5.48 million (EUR 5 million). The Spanish Government provided $21.9 million (EUR 20 million) in bilateral assistance to the governments of Turkey, Iran, Syria, and Jordan to prepare for and address the needs of Iraqi refugees. NGOs such as the Spanish Red Cross, the Center for Investigation, Promotion and International Cooperation Iberoamerica- Europe, Adventist Development and Relief Agency, Messengers of Peace, Foundation for Social Promotion of Culture, and ICRC received a total of $5.48 million (EUR 5 million) through the Spanish International Cooperation Agency to address humanitarian concerns in Iraq. The Government of Australia has committed nearly $62.5 million (AUD 100.5 million) to address the humanitarian needs of the Iraqi populations. This total includes approximately $3.72 million to the U.N. Central Emergency Revolving Fund, more than $1.2 million each to UN OCHA, ICRC, UNICEF and Australian NGOs, $23.6 million Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet – April 22, 2003 to the U.N. Flash Appeal, and nearly $30 million in additional programs addressing humanitarian and reconstruction priorities. DONOR US $ (MILLIONS) DATE (2003) ASSISTANCE SNAPSHOT Australia $62.5 April 22 100,000 MT of wheat, U.N. agencies, ICRC, and NGOs CIDA $67.5 March 26 U.N. agencies, international organizations (IOs), NGOs, CARE Canada for water and sanitation, food, shelter, and health Canada $3.8 ----- Response to U.N. Preparedness Measures Appeal China March 27 Tents Republic of $2.75 April 3 Blankets, sleeping bags, flour, sugar, water purification Croatia disinfectants European $109.8 April 22 U.N. agencies, IOs, and NGOs Commission Finland $1.7 March 25 ICRC and UN OCHA France $10.7 Humanitarian Assistance Germany $11.77 April 8 UNHCR and ICRC India $20 April 4 WFP and U.N. Consolidated Appeal Ireland $55.3 April 15 U.N. agencies and NGOs for humanitarian assistance Japan $100 April 9 Humanitarian Assistance Korea $10 April 3 U.N. agencies and Korean NGOs Kuwait March 24 45,000 meals/day and an emergency medical center Netherlands $19.6 April 2 U.N. Consolidated Appeal and ICRC New Zealand $3.3 March 20 U.N. agencies, IOs, and NGOs for humanitarian relief Norway $21.6 March 20 NGOs for humanitarian assistance Russia March 22-23 150 MT humanitarian supplies for refugee preparation in Iran Spain $58.6 April 22 U.N. agencies, bilateral refugee assistance, and NGOs Sweden $5.4 March 27 Switzerland $21.5 April 16 ICRC Taiwan $4.3 March 27 Refugee assistance – food, medicine, nonfood items United $330 March 24 U.N. agencies, IOs, and NGOs – food, health kits, water units, Kingdom winter supply kits, primary health, IDP assistance OTHER DONOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO DATE**....................................................................................$ 920.1 MILLION *This compilation was drawn from donor government web sites and may represent pledged or committed funding. The list may not be comprehensive. ** This total is approximate as the value of donated commodities is not available in some cases. Public Donation Information The most effective way people can assist relief efforts is by making cash donations to humanitarian organizations that are conducting relief operations. A list of humanitarian organizations that are accepting cash donations for their activities in the Gulf can be found in the "How Can I Help" section at [www.usaid.gov/iraq]. USAID encourages cash donations because they: allow aid professionals to procure the exact items needed (often in the affected region); reduce the burden on scarce resources (such as staff time, warehouse space, etc); can be transferred very quickly and without transportation costs; support the economy of the disaster-stricken region; ensure culturally, dietary, and environmentally appropriate assistance. General information on making donations and volunteering can be found at: o USAID: www.usaid.gov/iraq -> "How Can I Help?" o The Center for International Disaster Information: www.cidi.org or 703-276-1914 o InterAction: www.interaction.org -> “Guide to Appropriate Giving” o Information on relief activities of the humanitarian community can be found at www.reliefweb.org. *Fact Sheets can be obtained from the USAID web site at http://www.usaid.gov/iraq Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet – April 22, 2003 U.S. GOVERNMENT HUMANITARIAN AND RECONSTRUCTION ASSISTANCE TO IRAQ Agency Implementing Partner Sector Regions Amount FY 2003 EMERGENCY RELIEF USAID/OFDA ...........................................................................................................................................$49,935,164 Administrative Costs Administrative $3,432,009 AirServ Logistics Country-wide $2,151,585 The Cuny Center Research studies Country-wide $40,260 IDA Health Country-wide $711,850 IMC Quick-impact projects Country-wide $4,000,000 IMC Capacity building Country-wide $202,900 InterAction Coordination Country-wide $92,860 IOM IDP programs Country-wide $5,000,000 IRC Quick-impact projects Country-wide $3,000,000 Logistics Commodity pre-positioning and DART support Country-wide $8,720,569 Mercy Corps Quick-impact projects Country-wide $3,000,000 NGOs Cooperative agreements Country-wide $4,000,000 SCF/US Quick-impact projects Country-wide $4,000,000 SCF/US NGO Consortium Country-wide $883,131 UNICEF Health, nutrition, water/sanitation Country-wide $2,000,000 UN OCHA Coordination and Information Country-wide $200,000 UN OCHA Coordination and Information Country-wide $1,000,000 WFP Logistics and pre-positioning of food Country-wide $5,000,000 World Vision Quick-impact projects Country-wide $2,500,000 USAID/FFP ..............................................................................................................................................$430,000,000 WFP Pre-positioning funding $55,000,000 WFP Emerson Trust – 161,000 MT $84,000,000 P.L. 480 Title II emergency food commodities –105,000 MT $91,000,000 WFP Regional Purchase $200,000,000 USAID/OTI ..................................................................................................................................................$2,333,612 IOM Iraq Transition Initiative Country-wide $1,700,000 DAI Iraq Transition Initiative Country-wide $473,253 Internews Media Country-wide $160,359 STATE/PRM..............................................................................................................................................$36,630,000 UNHCR Emergency refugee assistance $21,000,000 ICRC Emergency assistance $10,000,000 IFRC Emergency assistance $3,000,000 IOM TCN – transportation assistance $2,630,000 RECONSTRUCTION USAID/ANE ..............................................................................................................................................$78,400,000 AFCAP Logistics $4,000,000 Bechtel Capital Construction $34,600,000 IRG Reconstruction Support $7,100,000 RTI Local Governance $7,900,000 CAII Education $1,000,000 UNICEF Health, Education $9,000,000 WHO Health $10,000,000 SSA Port Management $4,800,000 TOTAL USAID ASSISTANCE TO IRAQ IN FY 2003....................................................................... $560,668,776 TOTAL STATE ASSISTANCE TO IRAQ IN FY 2003 ........................................................................ $36,630,000 TOTAL STATE/USAID ASSISTANCE TO IRAQ IN FY 2003......................................................... $597,298,776