الوكالة الأمريكية للتنمية — العراق: نشرة حقائق رقم 32، 13 أيار 2003

Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet - May 13, 2003 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Iraq – Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet #32, Fiscal Year (FY) 2003 May 13, 2003 Current Situation (Updated Daily) Regional Updates Baghdad • According to a May 13 report from the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the security situation in Baghdad is the most important concern of residents of the city, with looting, banditry, ambushes, car- jackings, and physical attacks occurring on a daily basis. Schools have reopened, but some parents are too concerned about lack of security to send their children to school. Northern Iraq • The United States Government (USG) Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART) and its implementing partners continue to as sess short-term needs in northern Iraq, but it is becoming apparent that mid to long-term development issues , not humanitarian interventions, are needed. DART members on the ground in northern Iraq indicated the need for a transition from relief to development programs as soon as possible. • According to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the upcoming harvest in the three northern governorates of Dahuk, Arbil, and As Sulaymaniyah is expected to produce more than 500,000 metric tons (MT) of wheat and barley. FAO also reported that the conflict did not disrupt the harvest because of most farmers were able to remain in their homes and close to their fields. • On May 8, the first staff member from the U.N. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (UN HCHR) arrived in northern Iraq to insure that issues relating to the protection of civilians are identified and addressed promptly, as well as to support efforts to ensure a human rights approach to the delivery of humanitarian assistance. The DART/Abuse Prevention Officers placed three staff in northern Iraq on April 30 to address and coordinate protection of civilian issues with U.S. Coalition forces, local officials, and humanitarian organizations. Sector Updates Food • Milling of the Emerson wheat from the M/V Yellow Rose is ongoing. Beginning May 14, the WFP will truck 4,000 MT of the resulting wheat flour, combined with flour from Oil-for-Food contracts, from Mersin, Turkey to Iraq daily. • WFP-administered food distributions have begun on a limited basis in some districts of Baghdad. Public Distribution System (PDS) food agents have picked up commodities from WFP-controlled warehouses and are completing the August ration, which was not fully distributed before the war. Health • On May 12, DART members visited the Babylon Maternity and Children’s Hospital in Al Hillah and found it had sufficient electricity, water, and stocks of most drugs for one month. However, it is short of oxygen, IV fluids, general antibiotics, Pentostam, and has no blood-testing capabilities and limited vaccines. In addition, there is a shortage of fuel for its generator and ambulance, and chronic incubator problems. The sporadic immunization program ended at the onset of the conflict, and the Ministry of Health has yet to pay salaries. Many of the medical staff, which continued working throughout the war, often thwarting would-be looters, reside at the hospital to avoid the security risk of commuting. • A matter of particular concern to Refugees International is the rise in the rates of diarrhea and gastro-intestinal illnesses. Although water distribution was quickly restored to pre-conflict levels, the water is unsafe to drink throughout southern and central Iraq. Hospitals are treating cases of diarrhea and amoebic dysentery, only to release patients back to homes that lack potable water, creating a situation of repeat infections. Iraqis have had previous experience with epidemics of water-borne diseases and are in the habit of boiling water for purification. A shortage of cooking fuel, however, makes it difficult to follow this standard hygiene practice. Rural areas never had piped water systems, making rural residents chronically vulnerable to water-borne diseases. Water and Sanitation • According to the Humanitarian Operations Center (HOC) in Kuwait, in Samarra, the capital city of Salah ad Din governorate, unfiltered water is being pumped through the city. Residents clean the water by using commercial filters attached to their home faucets. The supply of electricity is intermittent and operating at Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet - May 13, 2003 approximately 75 percent of pre -conflict capacity. There are three health care facilities in Samarra, one of which is the public hospital. Medical re -supply is becoming an issue with one of the three facilities having less than a month’s supply of antibiotics and vaccines. Infrastructure • USAID’s Reconstruction Team reports that there is sufficient power in the North and South of Iraq while Baghdad still experiences shortages because it cannot import electricity on the 400 kilovolt transmission system and because of low natural gas production. Residential customers in the South and North have more electric service than they had in the last 12 years. • The Iraqi Electric Commission representatives reported that its target generating capacity for June 2003 was 3,000 MegaWatts (MW), which was the level pre -conflict generation. This compares to the present level of 2100MW. At the 3000 MW level, there may still be rotating power outages as peak demand increases. USAID’s Reconstruction Team reports that Iraqi electricity authorities expect the 400KV National Grid backbone from both the South and North to be linked with Baghdad by May 31, 2003. Population Movements • Through its implementing partners, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) is starting to identify the number of old caseload internally displaced persons (IDPs) in southern and central Iraq. To date, more than 58,000 IDPs have been identified in 12 districts. As humanitarian workers begin to gain further access in Iraq, IOM will be able to verify the number of IDPs in southern and central Iraq. These old caseload IDPs were displaced prior to the recent conflict. New caseload IDPs, displaced during the recent conflict, now number less than 2,000. • In a report issued on May 13, the U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) said it is growing increasing alarmed about the number of Iranian refugees in Iraq who are being threatened, robbed, and forced from their homes, sometimes at gunpoint. Of particular concern to UNHCR is the situation at the Dujaila refugee camp, near Al Kut in central Iraq. • U.S. Government Response (New information is underlined ) Emergency Relief • USAID/OFDA is supporting U.N. and NGO emergency assistance activities through quick-impact projects and IDP support. USAID/OFDA supports projects in the sectors of agriculture, food security, health, logistics, nutrition, shelter, and water/sanitation. • USAID’s Office of Food for Peace (USAID/FFP) is providing emergency food commodities through the Emerson Trust and P.L. 480 Title II emergency food assistance to WFP for distribution to food insecure Iraqis. WFP also received a cash contribution from USAID/FFP for the purchase of commodities in the region. • USAID's Office of Transition Initiatives (USAID/OTI) is supporting the implementation of the Iraq Transition Initiative (ITI). The ITI program supports the process of political stabilization and community recovery in post- conflict Iraq by providing small grants designed to build confidence among Iraq's diverse ethnic groups, increase citizen participation in decision-making, and rapidly respond to community needs, while establishing and building trust for long term reconstruction efforts. The ITI program is implemented through Development Alternatives Incorporated (DAI) and the International Organization for Migration (IOM). • The Department of State’s Bureau for Population, Refugees, and Migration (State/PRM) contributed assistance for the pre-positioning and emergency response activities of UNHCR, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), and the International Organization for Migration (IOM). Reconstruction • In addition to the emergency relief assistance provided through the DART by USAID and the Department of State, USAID’s Asia and Near East Bureau (USAID/ANE) has provided assistance for reconstruction activities in Iraq in a broad range of sectors. USAID supports reconstruction projects in education, governance, health, infrastructure, and logistics. • USAID private sector partner Bechtel conducted an assessment of power plants and substations in Baghdad and the Al Basrah Governorate on May 11. USAID is developing a contractual mechanism to permit immediate action by Bechtel for emergency repair of power facilities. • USAID private sector partner Stevedoring Services of America (SSA) began dredging operations at the Port of Umm Qasr on May 8. There is currently one dredger in operation on a 24-hour basis, dredging between 55,000 and 60,000 cubic meters per day. To date, Bechtel has dredged more than 282,000 cubic meters. • USAID and its private sector partner Creative Associates are working together to distribute schools kits for both children and teachers throughout the country. The number of kits needed is currently being determined. The Coalition will provide logistical support and security for carrying out the distribution. • Research Triangle Institute (RTI) is working with city officials to develop a preliminary governance structure for Baghdad that will link citizens from neighborhood councils to an overall city council. Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet - May 13, 2003 • RTI has selected an office and living site in Al Basrah for their southern Iraq location. The site will accommodate four personnel and will be used until the selected war damaged working/living facility can be repaired. In addition, RTI met with the ORHA Southern Sector Coordinator in Al Basrah to discuss goals, objectives and RTI's implementation strategy. • Skylink Air and Logistics Support (USA) Inc. is currently in Baghdad conducting an evaluation of the Baghdad International Airport. Skylink will submit the initial evaluation for the Al Basrah International Airport to USAID in the near future. • USAID deployed five people to Baghdad where they will brief the new civilian administrator of Iraq Paul Bremer on the reconstruction efforts to date. Background • Since 1991, the Iraqi population has subsisted on the brink of a humanitarian disaster due to the lingering effects of war, sanctions, and drought. Between 1991 and 1996, the U.S. Government provided nearly $794 million in humanitarian assistance to internally displaced persons in northern Iraq. • In 1996, the Government of Iraq accepted the U.N. Oil-for-Food Program, after which humanitarian conditions improved. Revenues from the OFF program provided food, medicine, and other civilian goods to assist vulnerable Iraqis through the Public Distribution System. However, widespread corruption by Iraqi officials limited the effectiveness of the OFF program. • On March 20, 2003, Coalition forces began military operations in Iraq. On May 1, 2003, 42 days after the conflict began, U.S. President George W. Bush announced that combat operations in Iraq have ended. Although the recent conflict did not result in the large-scale humanitarian crisis and widespread displacement many had envisioned, the conflict and subsequent disorder has exacerbated the Iraqi population's vulnerable circumstances. • In March 2003, the United States Government deployed a multi-agency Disaster Assistance Response Team to the region to assess and respond to humanitarian needs and to help coordinate the emergency relief effort. In Iraq, the DART has established offices in Al Basrah, Arbil, Baghdad, and Al Hillah. In addition, DART members are located in Kuwait, Jordan, Cyprus, and Qatar and are working closely with U.N. agencies, Non- Governmental Organizations, and in coordination with U.S. Military Civil Affairs personnel. Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet - May 13, 2003 Other Donor and International Organization Assistance* US $ DONOR (MILLIONS) DATE (2003) ASSISTANCE SNAPSHOT Australia $64.9 April 29 U.N. agencies, ICRC, and NGOs Austria $1.1 April 1 UNICEF Bangladesh $2 April 4 Food Assi stance Belgium $4.4 April 29 ICRC, UNICEF Canada $74.6 March 26 WFP, UNICEF, UNHCR, OCHA, ICRC, NGOs China March 27 Tents Croatia $2.8 May 2 Blankets, sleeping bags, flour, sugar, water purification disinfectants European $117.7 April 22 U.N. agencies, IOs, and NGOs Commission Finland $5.13 March 25 ICRC, UN OCHA, WFP France $10.7 UNICEF, WFP, NGOs Germany $50 May 5 UNHCR, WFP, ICRC Greece $4.6 May 5 UNHCR, ICRC, NGOs Iceland $3.75 April 8 ICRC, NGOs, UNCHR, WFP India $20 April 4 WFP and U.N. Consolidated Appeal Ireland $5.1 March 31 U.N. agencies and NGOs for humanitarian assistance Japan $212 May 1 U.N. Agencies, NGOs, Bilateral Assistance Korea $10 April 3 U.N. agencies and Korean NGOs Kuwait $30 March 14 UNHCR, WFP, UNICEF, ICRC Netherlands $20.5 April 2 U.N. Consolidated Appeal and ICRC New Zealand $2.3 April 22 U.N. agencies including WFP, IOs, and NGOs Spain $56.7 April 22 U.N. agencies, bilateral refugee assistance, and NGOs Sweden $38 April 11 OCHA, UNICEF, ICRC, IFRC Switzerland $21.9 April 16 ICRC, UNCHR, IOM, IFRC, OCHA Taiwan $4.3 March 27 Refugee assistance – food, medicine, nonfood items United Kingdom $382 April 29 U.N. agencies including WFP, IOs, and NGOs – food, health kits, water units, winter supply kits, primary health, IDP assistance OTHER DONOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO DATE** ...................................................................................................$1,144 MILLION *This compilation was drawn from the Department of State tracking of donor government pledged or committed funding. The list may not be comprehensive. ** This total is approximate as the value of donated commodities is not available in some cases. Public Donation Information • The most effective way people can assist relief efforts is by making cash donations to humanitarian organizations that are conducting relief operations. A list of humanitarian organizations that are accepting cash donations for their activities in the Gulf can be found in the “How Can I Help” section at [www.usaid.gov/iraq]. • USAID encourages cash donations because they: allow aid professionals to procure the exact items needed (often in the affected region); reduce the burden on scarce resources (such as staff time, warehouse space, etc); can be transferred very quickly and without transportation costs; support the economy of the disaster-stricken region; ensure culturally, dietary, and environmentally appropriate assistance. • General information on making donations and volunteering can be found at: o USAID: www.usaid.gov/iraq -> “How Can I Help?” o The Center for International Disaster Information: www.cidi.org or 703-276-1914 o InterAction: www.interaction.org -> “Guide to Appropriate Giving” o Information on relief activities of the humanitarian community can be found at www.reliefweb.org. *Fact Sheets can be obtained from the USAID web site at http://www.usaid.gov/iraq Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet - May 13, 2003 U.S. Government Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance to Iraq Agency Implementing Partner Sector Regions Amount FY 2003 EMERGENCY RELIEF USAID/OFDA ............................................................................................................................................................$51,232,905 Administrative Administrative Costs Country-wide $3,406,209 AirServ Logistics Country-wide $2,151,585 The Cuny Center Research studies Country-wide $40,260 International Dispensary Association Health Country-wide $711,850 InterAction Coordination Kuwait City $92,860 IOM IDP programs Country-wide $5,000,000 IMC Capacity building Country-wide $202,900 Logistics Commodities and DART support Country-wide $8,044,110 SCF/US NGO Consortium Country-wide $883,131 UNICEF Health, nutrition, water/sanitation Country-wide $2,000,000 UNICEF Water/sanitation Country-wide $2,000,000 UN OCHA Coordination and Information Country-wide $200,000 UN OCHA Coordination and Information Country-wide $1,000,000 WFP Logistics and pre-positioning of food Country-wide $5,000,000 Cooperative Agreements IMC Quick-impact projects: Food Security, Health, Nutrition, Water/Sanitation Country-wide $4,000,000 Health Al Basrah, Maysan, and Wasit Health, Water/Sanitation An Nasiriyah IRC Quick-impact projects: Health, Water/Sanitation Country-wide $3,000,000 Mercy Corps Quick-impact projects: Health, Non- Food Items, Shelter, Water/Sanitation Country-wide $3,000,000 Water/Sanitation Kirkuk Water/Sanitation Diyala SCF/US Quick-impact projects: Food Security, Health, Shelter, Nutrition, Non-Food Items, Water/Sanitation Country-wide $4,000,000 Nutrition Mosul Health, Transportation Mosul Water/Sanitation Al Basrah World Vision Quick-impact projects: Health, Logistics, Non-Food Items Country-wide $2,500,000 Water/Sanitation Al Anbar Hospital Rehabilitation Al Anbar CARE Quick-impact projects Country-wide $4,000,000 Water System Rehabilitation Al Anbar Blankets, Hygiene Kits Baghdad USAID/FFP ...............................................................................................................................................................$430,000,000 WFP Pre-positioning funding Country-wide $55,000,000 WFP Emerson Trust – 161,000 MT Country-wide $84,000,000 WFP P.L. 480 Title II emergency food commodities – 105,000 MT Country-wide $91,000,000 WFP Regional Purchase Country-wide $200,000,000 Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet - May 13, 2003 Agency Implementing Partner Sector Regions Amount FY 2003 EMERGENCY RELIEF (cont.) USAID/OTI ................................................................................................................................................................... $5,042,344 Administrative Administrative Costs Country-wide $708,732 IOM Iraq Transition Initiative Country-wide $1,700,000 DAI Iraq Transition Initiative Country-wide $2,473,253 Internews Media Country-wide $160,359 STATE/PRM...............................................................................................................................................................$36,630,000 UNHCR Emergency assistance Country-wide $21,000,000 ICRC Emergency assistance Country-wide $10,000,000 IFRC Emergency assistance Country-wide $3,000,000 IOM TCN – transportation assistance Country-wide $2,630,000 RECONSTRUCTION USAID/ANE ...............................................................................................................................................................$95,700,000 ABT Health Country-wide $10,000,000 AFCAP Logistics Country-wide $8,000,000 Bechtel Capital Construction Country-wide $34,600,000 Reconstruction Mosul Reconstruction Arbil Reconstruction Umm Qasr IRG Reconstruction Support Country-wide $9,800,000 RTI Local Governance Country-wide $7,900,000 Local Governance Al Basrah CAII Education Country-wide $1,000,000 UNICEF Health Country-wide $8,000,000 UNICEF Education Country-wide $1,000,000 WHO Health Country-wide $10,000,000 SSA Port Management Umm Qasr $2,900,000 SkyLink Logistics Baghdad $2,500,000 TOTAL USAID ASSISTANCE TO IRAQ IN FY 2003................................................................................$581,975,249 TOTAL STATE ASSISTANCE TO IRAQ IN FY 2003.................................................................................$36,630,000 TOTAL STATE/USAID ASSISTANCE TO IRAQ IN FY 2003................................................................$618,605,249