الوكالة الأمريكية للتنمية — العراق: نشرة حقائق رقم 23، 30 نيسان 2003

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE U.S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT Iraq – Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet #23, Fiscal Year (FY) 2003 April 30, 2003 Background Humanitarian conditions have deteriorated in Iraq since the 1990 invasion of Kuwait and the subsequent Government of Iraq (GOI) manipulation of international sanctions. In 1996, the GOI accepted the U.N. Oil-for- Food Program (OFF), after which humanitarian conditions improved. Between 1991 and 1996, the U.S. Government provided nearly $794 million in humanitarian assistance to internally displaced persons (IDPs) in northern Iraq. Since 1996, revenues from OFF have provided food, medicine, and other civilian goods to assist vulnerable Iraqis. U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan noted in a letter to the U.N. Security Council (UNSC), that the GOI has ordered and paid for food, medicine, and other humanitarian supplies under OFF that have not yet been delivered. The World Food Program (WFP) estimates that 16 million Iraqis—approximately 60 percent of the total population—rely solely on food rations distributed through OFF in order to meet household needs. On March 20, 2003, Coalition forces began military operations in Iraq. As a result of the conflict, the U.N. Secretary General suspended the OFF food distribution system. On March 28, the UNSC unanimously passed resolution 1472 that allows the U.N. to administer Iraq’s OFF program for 45 days (until May 12). As the U.N. takes over the OFF program, WFP’s first priority is to contact recently active suppliers able to rapidly provide food, medicine, and other humanitarian supplies. NUMBERS AT A GLANCE SOURCE Internally Displaced in Iraq 3,414 in Arbil* 6,379 in Dahuk* 54 in As Sulaymaniyah* 3,000 in Badrah 1,000 at Al Karama border with Jordan UNOHCI (April 16, 2003) UNOHCI (April 16, 2003) UNOHCI (April 16, 2003) UNOHCI (April 17, 2003) UNHCR (April 20, 2003) Refugees from Iraq 94 – Jordan Old caseload refugees: 203,000 – Iran 5,100 – Saudi Arabia 250,000-300,000 – Jordan 40,000 – Syria UNHCR (April 22, 2003) U.S. Committee for Refugees (2001) *Estimates of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in public buildings, with host families, and in open air. Southern Iraq According to American Civil Affairs, Iraqi railway engineers recently drove an engine and sleeper car from Baghdad to Al Basrah and returned the next day. Three trouble spots in the track were located in Samawah (Al Muthanna governorate) by the Iraqi engineers. Coalition engineers are planning an aerial damage assessment and, if necessary, to make repairs. Current Humanitarian Situation by Sector Health On April 29, the World Health Organization (WHO) sent three trucks containing 40 health kits from Amman, Jordan to the city of Baghdad. The health kits will serve a population of 400,000 through the end of July. WHO reports that the main cause of hospitalizations in Mosul is acute respiratory infections and diarrhea with 40 percent and 60 percent, respectively, of these cases diagnosed in children under five years of age. Food On April 28, the U.N. World Food Program (WFP) in Amman, Jordan reported that the “Southern Star” arrived in Aqaba Port in Jordan from Thailand carrying 32,500 metric tons (MT) of Oil-for-Food Program commodities, including 20,000 metric tons of rice and 12,500 metric tons of sugar. WFP will store the commodities in its Aqaba warehouse and will facilitate the discharge of the goods. The “Rise,” originally scheduled to arrive off of the Port of Umm Qasr on April 29, is now expected to arrive on May 2. The ship contains locally procured rice from Pakistan purchased with part of the U.S. donation of $200 million to WFP. Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet – April 30, 2003 WFP opened a fifth humanitarian corridor for food supplies into Iraq when a 22-truck convoy entered into southern Iraq from Kuwait on April 29. The convoy, bound for An Nasiriyah, carried 880 metric tons (MT) of wheat flour or enough to provide an estimated 100,000 people with their flour rations for a whole month. Population Movements According to the DART, 11 new third country nationals and 58 new refugees entered Jordan on April 29. A total of 649 people are located in the refugee camp on the Jordanian side of the border, and 1,021 people remain in the no-man’s-land between the two countries. Of the 1,021 people, 930 are Iranian Kurds, 33 are other Iranians, and 58 are Arabs. A team of officials from the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) entered western Iraq on April 30 to conduct a site assessment for a potential refugee and IDP camp near the Jordanian border. The temporary camp would provide protection and assistance for those stuck in no man's land. Water/Sanitation The DART is currently working with several NGOs to develop an approach to the serious sewage and sanitation conditions in An Nasiriyah. The first priority is to clean out the open sewage drains that flow through the city. On April 29, the U.N. Children’s Fund (UNICEF) reported that chlorine supplies for water treatment in southern Iraq could be exhausted by mid-May. UNICEF said only a small proportion of raw sewage is treated in Iraq. Most sewage is dumped untreated into the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and then drawn again into pumping and treatment stations that provide the majority of Iraqi households with water. An Nasiriyah, Al Basrah, Az Zubayr, and Safwan were identified as some of the most affected cities. USAID/OFDA recently provided $2 million to UNICEF to address these water and sanitation issues. U.S. Government Response Deployment The United States Government deployed a multi-agency DART to the region to assess and respond to humanitarian needs and to help coordinate the emergency relief effort. DART members are located in Iraq, Kuwait, Turkey, Jordan, Cyprus, and Qatar and are working closely with U.N. agencies, NGOs, and in coordination with U.S. Military Civil Affairs personnel at the Humanitarian Operations Center (HOC). A portion of the DART has deployed to Arbil, and other DART members are preparing to establish an office in Al Basrah in early May. USAID deployed staff to the region to prepare for reconstruction efforts. Several USAID administrative, health, and education staff have relocated to the Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance’s (ORHA) Baghdad compound, with the remainder in Kuwait. USAID is assisting government ministries in becoming operational and public services to get restarted in Baghdad. Emergency Relief USAID/OFDA is supporting U.N. and NGO emergency assistance activities through quick-impact projects and IDP support. USAID/OFDA supports projects in the sectors of agriculture, food security, health, logistics, nutrition, shelter, and water/sanitation. USAID/FFP provided emergency food commodities through the Emerson Trust and P.L. 480 Title II emergency food assistance to WFP for distribution to food insecure Iraqis. WFP also received a cash contribution from USAID/FFP for the purchase of commodities in the region. USAID's Office of Transition Initiatives (USAID/OTI) is supporting the implementation of the Iraq Transition Initiative (ITI). The ITI program supports the process of political stabilization and community recovery in post- conflict Iraq by providing small grants designed to build confidence among Iraq's diverse ethnic groups, increase citizen participation in decision-making, and rapidly respond to community needs, while establishing and building trust for long term reconstruction efforts. State/PRM contributed assistance for the pre-positioning and emergency response activities of UNHCR, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC), and the International Organization for Migration (IOM). Reconstruction USAID/ANE has provided assistance for reconstruction activities in Iraq in a broad range of sectors. USAID/ANE has provided grants to the UNICEF and WHO for health, education, and water and sanitation activities. USAID/ANE has signed contracts with Stevedoring Services of America (SSA) to assess and manage the Umm Qasr port, Creative Associates International to address education issues, the Research Triangle Institute to pursue local governance initiatives, and the Air Force Contract Augmentation Program (AFCAP) to provide logistical support to all USAID/ANE operations. USAID/ANE has also issued a contract to Bechtel for infrastructure repair and rehabilitation. Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet – April 30, 2003 Other Donor and International Organization Assistance* DONOR US $ (MILLIONS) DATE (2003) ASSISTANCE SNAPSHOT Australia $62.5 April 22 100,000 MT of wheat, U.N. agencies, ICRC, and NGOs CIDA $67.5 March 26 U.N. agencies, international organizations (IOs), NGOs, CARE Canada for water and sanitation, food, shelter, and health Canada $3.8 ----- Response to U.N. Preparedness Measures Appeal China March 27 Tents Republic of $2.75 April 3 Blankets, sleeping bags, flour, sugar, water purification disinfectants Croatia European $109.8 April 22 U.N. agencies, IOs, and NGOs Commission Finland $1.7 March 25 ICRC and UN OCHA France $10.7 Humanitarian Assistance Germany $11.77 April 8 UNHCR and ICRC Greece $4.3 April 4 U.N. agencies and NGOs India $20 April 4 WFP and U.N. Consolidated Appeal Ireland $55.3 April 15 U.N. agencies and NGOs for humanitarian assistance Japan $100 April 9 Humanitarian Assistance Korea $10 April 3 U.N. agencies and Korean NGOs Kuwait March 24 45,000 meals/day and an emergency medical center Netherlands $19.6 April 2 U.N. Consolidated Appeal and ICRC New Zealand $3.3 March 20 U.N. agencies, IOs, and NGOs for humanitarian relief Norway $21.6 March 20 NGOs for humanitarian assistance Russia March 22-23 150 MT humanitarian supplies for refugee preparation in Iran Spain $58.6 April 22 U.N. agencies, bilateral refugee assistance, and NGOs Sweden $5.4 March 27 Switzerland $21.5 April 16 ICRC Taiwan $4.3 March 27 Refugee assistance – food, medicine, nonfood items United Kingdom $330 March 24 U.N. agencies, IOs, and NGOs – food, health kits, water units, winter supply kits, primary health, IDP assistance OTHER DONOR CONTRIBUTIONS TO DATE** ..............................................................................................$ 924.4 MILLION *This compilation was drawn from donor government web sites and may represent pledged or committed funding. The list may not be comprehensive. ** This total is approximate as the value of donated commodities is not available in some cases. Public Donation Information The most effective way people can assist relief efforts is by making cash donations to humanitarian organizations that are conducting relief operations. A list of humanitarian organizations that are accepting cash donations for their activities in the Gulf can be found in the “How Can I Help” section at [www.usaid.gov/iraq]. USAID encourages cash donations because they: allow aid professionals to procure the exact items needed (often in the affected region); reduce the burden on scarce resources (such as staff time, warehouse space, etc); can be transferred very quickly and without transportation costs; support the economy of the disaster-stricken region; ensure culturally, dietary, and environmentally appropriate assistance. General information on making donations and volunteering can be found at: o USAID: www.usaid.gov/iraq -> “How Can I Help?” o The Center for International Disaster Information: www.cidi.org or 703-276-1914 o InterAction: www.interaction.org -> “Guide to Appropriate Giving” o Information on relief activities of the humanitarian community can be found at www.reliefweb.org. *Fact Sheets can be obtained from the USAID web site at http://www.usaid.gov/iraq Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet – April 30, 2003 U.S. GOVERNMENT HUMANITARIAN AND RECONSTRUCTION ASSISTANCE TO IRAQ Agency Implementing Partner Sector Regions Amount FY 2003 EMERGENCY RELIEF USAID/OFDA ...........................................................................................................................................$51,232,905 Administrative Costs Administrative $3,406,209 AirServ Logistics Country-wide $2,151,585 The Cuny Center Research studies Country-wide $40,260 IDA Health Country-wide $711,850 IMC Quick-impact projects: Food Security, Health, Nutrition, Water/Sanitation Country-wide $4,000,000 IMC Capacity building Country-wide $202,900 InterAction Coordination Kuwait City $92,860 IOM IDP programs Country-wide $5,000,000 IRC Quick-impact projects: Health, Water/Sanitation Country-wide $3,000,000 Logistics Commodities and DART support Country-wide $8,044,110 Mercy Corps Quick-impact projects: Health, Non- Food Items, Shelter, Water/Sanitation Kirkuk, Country-wide $3,000,000 NGOs Cooperative agreements Country-wide $4,000,000 SCF/US Quick-impact projects: Food Security, Health, Shelter, Nutrition, Non-Food Items, Water/Sanitation Country-wide $4,000,000 SCF/US NGO Consortium Country-wide $883,131 UNICEF Health, nutrition, water/sanitation Country-wide $2,000,000 UNICEF Water/sanitation Country-wide $2,000,000 UN OCHA Coordination and Information Country-wide $200,000 UN OCHA Coordination and Information Country-wide $1,000,000 WFP Logistics and pre-positioning of food Country-wide $5,000,000 World Vision Quick-impact projects: Health, Logistics, Non-Food Items Country-wide $2,500,000 USAID/FFP ..............................................................................................................................................$430,000,000 WFP Pre-positioning funding $55,000,000 WFP Emerson Trust – 161,000 MT $84,000,000 P.L. 480 Title II emergency food commodities – 105,000 MT $91,000,000 WFP Regional Purchase $200,000,000 USAID/OTI ..................................................................................................................................................$2,333,612 IOM Iraq Transition Initiative Country-wide $1,700,000 DAI Iraq Transition Initiative Country-wide $473,253 Internews Media Country-wide $160,359 STATE/PRM..............................................................................................................................................$36,630,000 UNHCR Emergency refugee assistance $21,000,000 ICRC Emergency assistance $10,000,000 IFRC Emergency assistance $3,000,000 IOM TCN – transportation assistance $2,630,000 Iraq Humanitarian and Reconstruction Assistance Fact Sheet – April 30, 2003 U.S. GOVERNMENT HUMANITARIAN AND RECONSTRUCTION ASSISTANCE TO IRAQ Agency Implementing Partner Sector Regions Amount FY 2003 RECONSTRUCTION USAID/ANE ..............................................................................................................................................$78,400,000 AFCAP Logistics $4,000,000 Bechtel Capital Construction $34,600,000 IRG Reconstruction Support $7,100,000 RTI Local Governance $7,900,000 CAII Education $1,000,000 UNICEF Health $8,000,000 UNICEF Education $1,000,000 WHO Health $10,000,000 SSA Port Management $4,800,000 TOTAL USAID ASSISTANCE TO IRAQ IN FY 2003....................................................................... $561,966,517 TOTAL STATE ASSISTANCE TO IRAQ IN FY 2003 ........................................................................ $36,630,000 TOTAL STATE/USAID ASSISTANCE TO IRAQ IN FY 2003......................................................... $598,596,517