SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITTED BY:
Bechtel National, Inc.
June 2003
Assessment Report
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Table of Contents Table of Contents
Section Page
List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... iv List of Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................... v
1. Introduction................................................................................................................................. 1.1-1
1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................... 1.1-1
1.2 Mission................................................................................................................................ 1.1-1
1.3 Contract Assessments Requirements................................................................................... 1.1-1
1.4 Achievements and Progress ................................................................................................ 1.1-3
1.5 Assessment Challenges ....................................................................................................... 1.1-5
1.6 Closing ............................................................................................................................... 1.1-6
2. Sector Reports ............................................................................................................................. 2.1-1
2.1 Port of Umm Qasr............................................................................................................ 2.1-1
2.1.1 Existing Conditions ................................................................................................... 2.1-2
2.1.2 Requirements for Restoration of Critical Services.................................................... 2.1-4
2.1.3 Needs Assessment ..................................................................................................... 2.1-4
2.1.4 Challenges ................................................................................................................. 2.1-6
2.1.5 Existing O&M Organization ..................................................................................... 2.1-7
2.1.6 Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 2.1-7
2.2 Airports ............................................................................................................................ 2.2-1
2.2.1 Existing Conditions and Needs Assessment.............................................................. 2.2-1
2.2.2 Requirements for Restoration of Critical Services.................................................... 2.2-6
2.2.3 Challenges ................................................................................................................. 2.2-7
2.2.4 Existing O&M Organization ..................................................................................... 2.2-8
2.2.5 Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 2.2.9
2.3 Water, Waste, and Irrigation............................................................................................. 2.3-1
2.3.1 Existing Conditions ................................................................................................... 2.3-1
2.3.2 Requirements for Restoration of Critical Services.................................................... 2.3-3
2.3.3 Needs Assessments.................................................................................................... 2.3-5
2.3.4 Challenges ................................................................................................................. 2.3-6
2.3.5 Existing O&M Organization ..................................................................................... 2.3-7
2.3.6 Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 2.3-7
2.4 Power ............................................................................................................................ 2.4-1
2.4.1 Existing Conditions ................................................................................................... 2.4-1 Bechtel National, Inc. ii 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Table of Contents.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Table of Contents
3. 2.4.2 Requirements for Restoration of Critical Services.................................................... 2.4-4
2.4.3 Needs Assessment ..................................................................................................... 2.4-5
2.4.4 Challenges ................................................................................................................. 2.4-7
2.4.5 Existing O&M Organization ..................................................................................... 2.4-7
2.4.6 Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 2.4-8
2.5 Rail, Roads, and Bridges.................................................................................................. 2.5-1
2.5.1 Existing Conditions ................................................................................................... 2.5-1
2.5.2 Requirements for Restoration of Critical Services.................................................... 2.5-3
2.5.3 Needs Assessment ..................................................................................................... 2.5-4
2.5.4 Challenges ............................................................................................................... 2.5-10
2.5.5 Existing O&M Organization ................................................................................... 2.5-11
2.5.6 Recommendations ................................................................................................... 2.5-11
2.6 Buildings.......................................................................................................................... 2.6-1
2.6.1 Existing Conditions ................................................................................................... 2.6-3
2.6.2 Requirements for Restoration of Critical Services.................................................... 2.6-5
2.6.3 Needs Assessment ..................................................................................................... 2.6-8
2.6.4 Challenges ................................................................................................................. 2.6-8
2.6.5 Existing O&M Organization ..................................................................................... 2.6-9
2.6.6 Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 2.6-9 Program Challenges and Recommendations............................................................................... 3-1
3.1 Overall Program Challenges .............................................................................................. 3-1
3.2 Sector Recommendations.................................................................................................... 3-2 Appendices Airports ............................................................................................................................................A 1 Water, Waste, and Irrigation...........................................................................................................A 21 − Facilities Visited by Water Team .................................................................................. A 22 − Al Basrah Region Potable Water Pump Station Restoration .........................................A 23 − Current Status ...............................................................................................................A 27 Rail, Roads, and Bridges................................................................................................................A 41 − CPA Priority Bridge Spreadsheet.................................................................................. A 42 − Railway Track Near Al Basrah ......................................................................................A 45 − Railway Running Sheds and Workshops Near Al Basrah............................................. A 48 − Railway Safety...............................................................................................................A 50 Bechtel National, Inc. iii 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Table of Contents.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Table of Contents List of Figures Figure Page
1.4-1 2.1-1 2.2-1 2.2-2 2.2-3 Regions of Iraq Where Assessments are Planned ..................................................... 1.1-4 Key Port Accomplishments ...................................................................................... 2.1-1 Aerial Maps of Baghdad (top) and Basrah International Airports ............................ 2.2-2 Existing Conditions at Baghdad and Basrah International Airports.......................... 2.2-3 Emergency Recommendations for Baghdad and Basrah International Airports and ATM Infrastructure ............................................................................................. 2.2-9
2.2-4 2.2-5 Short-term Recommendations for Baghdad and Basrah International Airports...... 2.2-11 Intermediate-term Recommendations for Baghdad and Basrah International Airports and ATM Infrastructure ........................................................................................... 2.2-12
2.2.6 2.3-1 2.3-2 Long-term Recommendations for Baghdad and Basrah International Airports ...... 2.2-15 Major Urban Centers of Iraq ..................................................................................... 2.3-2 Wastewater Plants Recommended for Initial Rehabilitation..................................... 2.3-4
2.3-3 Water Distribution Network for Al Basrah................................................................ 2.3-4
2.3-4 Urban Areas Requiring Short-term Actions .............................................................. 2.3-5
2.3-5 Emergency Activities................................................................................................. 2.3-9
2.3-6 Short-term Activities ............................................................................................... 2.3-10
2.3-7 Intermediate-term Activities.................................................................................... 2.3-11
2.3-8 Long-term Activities................................................................................................ 2.3-13
2.3.9 2.4-1 2.4-2 2.4-3 2.4-4 2.4-5 2.4-6 Unassessed Projects Activities ................................................................................ 2.3-14 Electrical Power System in Iraq ................................................................................ 2.4-2 Rapid Assessment Results of Major Generating Units.............................................. 2.4-3 Rapid Assessment Results of 400 kV Transmission Lines........................................ 2.4-4 Damage to Southern Substations............................................................................... 2.4-4 Immediate and Emergency Power Needs (as of June 5, 2003) ................................. 2.4-5 Short-term Power Requirements ............................................................................... 2.4-6
2.4-7 Power Sector Recommendations............................................................................. 2.4-10
2.5-1 2.6-1 2.6-2 2.6-3 Priority Road, Bridge, and Rail Reconstruction Candidate Projects......................... 2.5-1 Proposed Assessments and Rehabilitation Work....................................................... 2.6-1 Four Regions of Deployment .................................................................................... 2.6-2 Education and Health Field Stakeholders.................................................................. 2.6-4
2.6-4 2.6-5 Proposed Database Template for Assessment Activities ........................................... 2.6-5 Representative Map of Schools in Al Basrah............................................................ 2.6-5 Bechtel National, Inc. iv 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Table of Contents.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Table of Contents
2.6-6 2.6-7 2.6-8 Emergency Facility Rehabilitation Program ............................................................. 2.6-6 Scheduling Challenges for School Rehabilitation..................................................... 2.6-9 Recommendations for Buildings and Facilities....................................................... 2.6-11 List of Acronyms ATC Air Traffic Control ATM Air Traffic Management CPA Coalition Provisional Authority DART Disaster Assistance Response Team FAA Federal Aviation Administration HVAC Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning IRR Iraq Republic Railway km Kilometer kV Kilovolt MW Megawatt m Meter O&M Operations and maintenance ORHA Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance NGO Nongovernmental organization SSA Stevedoring Services of America TSA Transportation Security Administration UXO Unexploded ordnance U.K. United Kingdom UNDP United Nations Development Program U.S. United States USAID United States Agency for International Development VMC Visual metrological conditions WFP World Food Program Bechtel National, Inc. v 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Table of Contents.doc
sakjdfha Airports sakjdfha Section 1 Introduction
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 1– Introduction
1.1 Background
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is mandated to rebuild infrastructure and public facilities and services in a postconflict Iraq. On April 17, 2003, Bechtel National, Inc. (Bechtel) was awarded a contract to provide construction services in support of an Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program.
1.2 Mission
USAID has established a goal to provide tangible evidence to the people of Iraq that their country has been given the opportunity to prosper. In support of this goal, Bechtel, as contractor to USAID, will provide resources and technical expertise to rebuild potable water and wastewater treatment facilities, schools and health facilities, airports and a seaport, the electrical power system, roads and bridges, railroad infrastructure, solid waste management, irrigation systems, and selected buildings to the limits of available funding. The activities carried out under this contract are designed to contribute to the immediate objectives of rebuilding urban and rural infrastructure to accelerate economic growth, and protect and enhance human health while improving productivity. A priority medium-term objective is to invest in human and institutional capacity strengthening to better operate and maintain infrastructure and service delivery systems.
Through our work to date in Iraq, which includes conducting infrastructure assessments, working to open the Port of Umm Qasr, as well as other work on an emergency basis, Bechtel is supporting USAID’s goal to provide tangible evidence to the people of Iraq that they will be given opportunities to prosper.
1.3 Contract Assessment Requirements The Infrastructure Reconstruction Program consists of five main components:
Assessments and preparation of an implementation plan Engineering and construction of selected infrastructure facilities Institutional capacity building for operation and maintenance Provision of infrastructure-related equipment and materials Development of a roadmap to describe how these facilities might be sustainably managed over the long-term Under the contract, assessments were to begin in regions as soon as they became secure for civilian relief and reconstruction activities. Civil, military, and the Disaster Assistance Response Team (DART) assessments were to guide Bechtel’s assessments and to identify emergency activities for immediate implementation. As Bechtel mobilized and the situation in Iraq became known, Bechtel conducted many emergency assessments, along with the emergency activities. These preceded the rapid assessment scope as defined in the contract.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 1– Introduction It was originally envisioned that, as a permissive environment was established in a region, Bechtel would conduct rapid assessments of the condition of: water, waste, and irrigation infrastructure; health and education facilities; airports; electric power systems; irrigation; the primary and secondary road networks;
the national rail system; and key government facilities.
USAID is to determine regional and sector priorities in collaboration with civilian and military authorities, international relief and development organizations, USAID implementing partners, Bechtel, and other U.S.
Government agencies. The contract anticipated that the Port of Umm Qasr and selected airports would be immediate priorities for rehabilitation and repair.
Assessments are to be undertaken through Technical Directives from USAID. Based on the recommendations of Bechtel and the priorities established above, USAID’s Contract Officer will approve job orders that specify the individual projects to be implemented under this program.
Bechtel has consulted with civilian and military officials, USAID local development advisors, other USAID contractors, and local stakeholders to solicit input on their reconstruction, repair, rehabilitation, and/or upgrade priorities. USAID-supported education and health contractors were to inventory education and health infrastructure and identify needs for repair and rehabilitation.
The assessments for all sectors are to include the following information:
System configuration and condition of electric power systems; water, waste, and irrigation systems;
road networks and rail systems; and evaluation of the building stock in the health, education, and selected government sectors. This includes identifying the type and source of the existing equipment.
The requirements, including both systems and equipment, in the specified geographical areas for restoring critical services for power; water systems, wastewater treatment facilities, sanitation services, and irrigation systems; road and rail systems; and health facilities, schools, and selected government buildings. This includes a summary of the estimated impact of the repair and its significance with regard to system operation.
An identification and categorization of emergency, short-term, and potential long-term needs in the above infrastructure sectors.
An identification of potential issues or challenges in restoring critical infrastructure, including the needs for demining and/or dealing with unexploded ordnance (UXO).
An identification of the existing organization for operation and management of the critical facilities.
Recommendation for areas of intervention that will address priority needs for restoring critical infrastructure and services, and the associated costs.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 1– Introduction
1.4 Achievements and Progress The day of contract award, April 17, 2003, Bechtel established a project office in McLean, Virginia.
Bechtel’s Chief of Party and the Deputy Project Director were immediately mobilized there along with other key program and functional managers.
Also on April 17, Bechtel began gathering assessment data by accessing the USAID web sites. The Program Manager for Umm Qasr port arrived in Kuwait on April 20 to continue the port assessment process. All infrastructure program managers had mobilized in Kuwait and/or Iraq by May 6.
Bechtel and USAID have jointly developed an emergency repair and assessment program based on USAID’s immediate priorities. The program outlined four national priorities (port, power, airport, and key bridges) and additional regional priorities to align with the regional organization of the Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA), now the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA).
Using the plan as a roadmap, Bechtel sequenced its initial activities to focus on expediting the delivery of humanitarian aid to major population centers. Figure 1.4-1 illustrates the four regional assessments areas.
Bechtel’s assessment teams organized single-day and overnight visits with security from Kuwait to various Iraq locations to conduct their assessments. Although this process was very restrictive, assessments were completed in a timely manner. Within 3 weeks, teams began extended trips into all four regions, thus enabling a countrywide, systems approach to the assessment. Lastly, pioneer camps or facilities have been established in each of the four regions, as well as at the Port of Umm Qasr, to support the conclusion of assessment efforts. The following is a summary of key achievements to date.
Port of Umm Qasr
Predredging bathymetric and magnetometer surveys of the immediate port area are complete. The surveys reveal that the navigation route is silted up and confirm the presence of documented and unknown wrecks and UXO on the seabed. Emergency dredging operations to facilitate delivery of food and other relief supplies are complete. Bechtel also surveyed five Iraqi dredges and assessed essential port infrastructure, including grain handling facilities, electric power supply, and security arrangements.
Airports
At the direction of USAID, Bechtel has shifted mobilization emphasis from Basrah to Baghdad International Airport. To date, we have completed assessments of these two primary international gateways of Iraq, as well as the national air traffic management infrastructure. Plans are underway to perform rapid assessments of three domestic airports once access clearance is granted.
Water, Waste, and Irrigation Bechtel performed 29 assessments of water facilities, pump, generators, and pipelines in the Al Basrah, Baghdad, and Heartland regions. These assessments reveal that chemical feed and control systems, as well as motors, pumps, and other working mechanisms are generally in need of either replacement or major repairs. Wastewater is begin passed directly into rivers without treatment, and sewers are in danger of flooding.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 1– Introduction North Central Heartland South Figure 1.4-1. Regions of Iraq Where Assessments are Planned Bechtel National, Inc. 1.1 -4 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Introduction.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 1– Introduction An integrated approach must be taken to address the challenges of supply and distribution of potable water to the Iraqi population. Gaps in the system can cause water usage, waste water treatment and disposal, and irrigation runoff in the northern part of the country to create a major public health hazard through degradation of water quality in the southern regions.
Power
Bechtel has completed assessments of the 400 kV and 132 kV distribution systems as well as 14 key power stations in the Central and South regions and 51 substations primarily located in the South and Heartland regions.
Rail, Roads, and Bridges
Bechtel has performed 33 field assessments of CPA’s 49 priority bridges and a 40-km stretch of highway between Al Diwaniyah and An Nasiriyah. Bechtel also conducted a detailed assessment of rail infrastructure associated with food delivery in the Al Basrah region.
The Iraqi road and bridge network is incomplete, even along major national highways. Military conflict, neglect, and substandard construction have caused further deterioration of the network. At the same time, the lack of viable transport alternatives has caused traffic to continue on structures that are damaged or in some cases, in imminent danger of collapse. Those structures were the focus of Bechtel’s assessment efforts.
Buildings
Bechtel’s has prepared a preliminary database of schools and clinics across a number of cities. Input from key stakeholders, including CPA regional representatives, other USAID contractors, and NGOs has been collected and assessment priorities are in place. Teams have been deployed to Al Basrah and Baghdad to complete assessments of representative facilities.
1.5 Assessment Challenges
Security
Due to the instability of the security situation in Iraq, a strict security regime has been imposed upon the Bechtel assessment teams. The requirement to be in a safe location before nightfall, and to have military or other security protection as our teams travel, has resulted in an inability to conduct assessments as quickly and as easily as anticipated. This has also added cost and complexity to the assessment process.
Looting and vandalism continues unabated in many areas of Iraq, which adds fluidity to the process. The armed theft of a crimping machine, the recent break-in at warehouses at the Port of Umm Qasr, the ongoing destruction of 400 kV transmission towers in southeastern Iraq, the loss of newly installed circuit breakers at the Umm Qasr grain silo, and recent losses of rail operation records are a few examples of this situation.
Since many assessment locations are not afforded either protection by the coalition forces or effective local security, looting and vandalism frequently disrupted our work. In addition, the validity of the assessment becomes compromised when additional damage occurs after the assessment team has completed its review.
Often, Bechtel has to revisit sites and update results to keep assessment reports current.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 1– Introduction Integration and Coordination Although we have received cooperation, the actual assessments and reports from other organizations and contractors as anticipated by the contract have not materialized or have been classified. For example, USAID-supported education and health contractors were expected to inventory education and health infrastructure and identify needs for repair and rehabilitation. Bechtel has not been able to access those reports.
Part of Bechtel’s added value is to evaluate the accuracy and completeness of existing assessments and to supplement with additional work where necessary. Due to the lack of documented records, such as drawings and operations and maintenance (O&M) manuals, we have found ourselves relying on people’s memory and comparing that to reality.
Traditional public authorities that provide information and suggest priorities are understandably not in place. There is also considerable misunderstanding of the procedure for releasing classified information (military and DART assessments and reports), even with proper clearances.
In some situations where assessment data from others was not available, Bechtel located information by accessing the ORHA (now CPA) web site. This source of information was also used for early assessment work prior to the end of the conflict.
It is important to note that third-party assessments were often not intended for reconstruction use. Many assessments were completed and written for military use.
Mobility
Despite the best efforts of coalition military forces and many others, access to sites in Iraq has been more limited than envisioned in the original execution plan. The plan anticipated a permissive environment to be quickly established in Baghdad, allowing assessment teams to be in-country for extended periods.
Relatively free travel to the assessment areas was also anticipated. Overnight accommodation has been almost nonexistent except for the coalition forces. All flights around Iraq remain courtesy of the military.
Road transportation has posed special security issues and border crossings are very slow with long delays at immigration points. Vehicle breakdowns due to contaminated gasoline have been frequent.
Initial planning was based on primary interfaces in Baghdad and Al Basrah. As organized, regional interfaces included Mosul (Arbil) and Al Hillah.
1.6 Closing
Despite challenges, Bechtel has conducted in excess of the 60 assessments required by the contract. This has provided Bechtel with a better understanding of rehabilitation needs as well as an appreciation of the governing provisional authority’s (CPA) priorities. With this valuable information and USAID’s direction on priorities, Bechtel can prepare a viable implementation plan for work in the various sectors to achieve USAID’s objectives.
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sakjdfha Airports sakjdfha Section 2.1 Port of Umm Qasr
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Sector Reports
2.1 Port of Umm Qasr
The Port of Umm Qasr is the sole deep-water seaport in Iraq capable of receiving ocean-going vessels to support the requirement to import approximately 480,000 to 580,000 tons of food per month. Land routes are not a practical immediate alternative, given extensive damage to bridges and the dilapidated state of Iraqi railways. Transport by air is prohibitively expensive and cannot meet the bulk volume required. A water route remains the only viable delivery option available to ensure sufficient delivery of food and relief supplies in the aftermath of conflict and many years of neglect.
Bechtel’s mission at Umm Qasr is to provide for immediate rehabilitation and repair of port infrastructure to facilitate delivery of relief and reconstruction material and personnel. Bechtel’s port manager was the first Bechtel person to be mobilized into Kuwait and then Iraq, where he began to interface with Stevedoring Services of America (SSA), the port operator, the coalition forces operating the port (the U.K. Army 17th, since replaced by the 165th Port and Maritime Regiment), and World Food Program (WFP) field operations managers. Initial meetings established three main emergency tasks:
Dredging the new port entrance and specific berths Placing the grain facility back into service Establishing temporary power to the old port, new port, and grain facility Some key port achievements are shown in Figure 2.1-1.
Key Port Accomplishments
April 20 Port project manager mobilized to Umm Qasr port April 29 Survey vessel arrived at Umm Qasr port May 4 Initial assessment completed May 7 Large cutter suction dredger, Carolina, from Great Lakes Dredging and Dock Co., arrived in Umm Qasr port May 8 Dredging operations began May 30 Dredging operation reached the 1 million cubic meter mark Today Six berths available to accommodate vessels of 8.5 m draft; achieved manual unloading capacity of 2,000 tons per day of bagged grain Figure 2.1-1. Key Port Accomplishments Bechtel National, Inc. 2.1 -1 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
2.1_Umm Qasr Port.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Sector Reports Bechtel began the assessment process by reviewing assessment reports prepared by the WFP, the U.K.
military, and other coalition groups involved in port operations, including the U.K. Army 17th Port and Maritime Regiment. We reviewed the assessment report and implementation plan prepared by SSA. In general, Bechtel observations from visits to the port agreed with SSA observations and findings.
To verify and supplement the information Bechtel was provided, a detailed predredging bathymetric survey was performed on the area of the new port, old port, and connecting river. This survey was verified by independent engineer Halcrow International and formally submitted to USAID. The information from this survey was also shared with the coalition forces, SSA, and the 17th Port and Maritime Regiment.
After several days of weather delays, emergency dredging operations began on May 8.
2.1.1 Existing Conditions
Port
The Port of Umm Qasr consists of the old port, new port, and grain handling facilities. To date, Bechtel has performed detailed assessments, including environmental reviews, of the following facilities and systems:
New port
− Administration building
− Customs building/passenger terminal − 11 kV electrical distribution system − Low voltage distribution system − Fire pumps system − Wet utilities − Container cranes − Warehouses − Gantry cranes − Fender system Grain facility (initial assessment complete, but an assessment is ongoing to determine detailed needs to restart the systems) Neglected ship – Umm Qasr Port Security (fencing at old port, grain facility, and new port) Seaway − Wreck survey − Bathymetric survey of the channel from Umm Qasr to Arabian Gulf − Survey of five Iraqi dredges (other dredges not accessible) − Warehouses Bathymetric survey – Umm Qasr Port Bechtel National, Inc. 2.1 -2 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
2.1_Umm Qasr Port.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Sector Reports The initial assessment revealed that ocean-going vessels are unable to make their way to Umm Qasr berths due to neglect of the navigation route for more than 12 years. The route is silted up and of insufficient depth. The assessment appraised dredging equipment in the region and confirmed that only one company, Great Lake Dredging and Dock, had sufficient resources in the region to commence emergency dredging of the port.
There are known to be approximately 11 sunken vessels within the Umm Qasr channel. To assess the suitability of the waters for dredging, Bechtel hired a subcontractor, Titan Maritime, to conduct a survey of known wrecks. Five wrecks could be physically inspected by diving operations. Seven additional wrecks were inspected by divers, but a detailed assessment could not be completed because the wrecks are Survey boat completely covered by silt. The presence of the wrecks has also been confirmed by discussions with the Iraqi port authority and/or by magnetometer survey.
There are also reports of additional objects on the original seabed, such as unrecorded wrecks, UXO, and large pieces of metal waste that have been dumped into the water. To verify existence of the objects, Bechtel mobilized a magnetometer survey instrument plus experts to interpret the results. To date, the magnetometer survey has been conducted in the entrance channel to the new port, in the vicinity of berths 10 and 11, and continues throughout the full length of the port. These ongoing surveys have highlighted additional large objects under the water and in the silt. The objects are buried in approximately 4 to 7 meters of silt and could cause major damage to the dredger if not detected and removed prior to dredging.
Existing perimeter fencing at the port is in general disrepair and requires upgrading to ensure security at the site. In its current state, the perimeter fence can be easily penetrated by outsiders and does not offer much security.
The port administration building is in very poor condition and has been stripped of furniture, fittings, fixtures, and major equipment, such as HVAC. The building requires a complete refurbishment. The building is structurally sound, but there are some areas where repairs must be made to columns and beams, and replastering is required.
Grain Facility
The grain handling facilities are inoperable and in a neglected state. The complex is inactive due to the lack of power supply. The existing plant was operated as recently as February 2003, but it was done manually with a reduced operating capacity as the electrical, mechanical, and controls systems had been looted, neglected, and also suffered from shortages of spare parts.
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2.1_Umm Qasr Port.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Sector Reports
2.1.2 Requirements for Restoration of Critical Services Dredging Bechtel estimates that a minimum of 3 to 4 million cubic meters of material must be removed to make the waterway navigable for ocean-going vessels large enough to effectively deliver needed food shipments. There is also an urgent requirement to remove wrecks and other sunken objects, including UXO, to enable emergency dredging to proceed unhindered to specified depths and to open additional berths for unloading ships.
Dilapidated port wiring
Power
Power needs to be restored to enable operation of the grain facility and other port equipment. To date, Bechtel has ordered 18 diesel generators for the port and grain facilities to meet immediate power needs.
Grain Facility
Emergency startup of the grain facility is required to receive, store, and distribute grain unloaded from vessels arriving at the port.
Security
The security fence at the perimeter needs to be repaired to prevent theft and ensure that the rehabilitated facility is not vandalized.
2.1.3 Needs Assessment
Port of Umm Qasr projects were divided into five categories:
Emergency. Projects needing immediate action for humanitarian reasons. These are largely under way or completed Short-term. Projects that can be completed within 6 months after receipt of an approved Job Order from USAID Intermediate-term. Projects that are likely to extend 6 months but be complete before December 2004 Long-term. Projects that can not be completed before contract completion in December 2004, but which are Dredging Equipment – Umm Qasr Port still important to restoring port infrastructure A fifth category – unassessed projects – includes projects or potential scope from the contract scope that were not specifically assessed, but which Bechtel can extrapolate based on knowledge of the integrated port systems.
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2.1_Umm Qasr Port.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Sector Reports Emergency Dredging of new port from main channel to Berth 10 to permit shipments of grain and other humanitarian relief supplies. This work is under way and is making good progress.
Removal of wrecks and other sunken objects from Umm Qasr new port to enable dredging to proceed unhindered to required depths and to open up additional berths for unloading ships. (Note: additional wrecks are now to be removed under a United Nations Development Program [UNDP] initiative).
Procurement, installation, and startup of new standby generators to establish temporary power to the port area. This work is under way and making good progress.
Complete cleaning of the grain handling facility to prepare for the receipt of incoming grain and act as a storage buffer for food distribution within Iraq. Safety and hygienic concerns require a thorough cleaning prior to restarting the facility. Work to start up the grain facility is under way and is making good progress.
SSA identified early on the need to upgrade the perimeter fence at Umm Qasr port. New gates are also required at the entrances and existing guard houses need to be upgraded. In addition, floodlights should be installed along the perimeter to enhance security.
Short-term
Additional dredging in the new port to accommodate vessels of 75,000 metric tons Construction of interim customs facility Restoration of fire water systems Restoration of the new port administration building Restoration and startup of new port container cranes Temporary repairs of new and old port substations and restoration of emergency lighting Restoration of new port wet utilities Quick repair of two Iraqi cutter suction dredges that are in reasonably good shape so as to put them into service Disposal of UXO on land and in water Intermediate-term Spot dredging to remove navigation obstacles in main channel from Umm Qasr to Arabian Gulf Restoration of the quay fendering system Rice unloading at port Bechtel National, Inc. 2.1 -5 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
2.1_Umm Qasr Port.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Sector Reports Restoration of gantry cranes Restoration of customs and passenger terminal buildings Long-term Dredge main channel from Umm Qasr to Arabian Gulf to 12.5 meter depth Structural repairs to grain facility wharf Restoration of customs area and passenger terminal Iraqi contractorsRestoration of warehouses and miscellaneous buildings Repair and return to service of three Iraqi suction hopper dredges that are in poor condition Unassessed Projects Dredge channel from Umm Qasr to Al Zubayer port Replace old container cranes at old port Replace obsolete gantry cranes to enhance port capacity Modernize all wet and dry utilities at both old and new port Upgrade all cathodic protection systems
2.1.4 Challenges
Security
Security is one of Bechtel’s main concerns. Military forces are downsizing their presence and involvement in the area and there is no planned replacement organization to maintain law and order. Consequently, the port and facilities have been experiencing ongoing looting and damage to critical infrastructure, especially power and electrical systems.
Power
Another challenge is inadequate access to power distribution. The conflict has caused major damage to the power distribution network both within and outside the port. Many system assessments cannot be completed, as there is no power or water available for testing. This is being addressed to some extent by the addition of portable temporary power.
UXO and Other Safety Hazards Potential UXO both on land and buried in silt in the water poses a major safety hazard. UXO may be buried in areas to be dredged or buried in areas where dredge material will be disposed. Sunken wrecks blocking the dredging path are another source of safety hazards.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Sector Reports Work Impediments Delay in payment of wages to Iraqi government workers has caused delays at some locations, such as the grain facility. Furthermore, some areas and facilities cannot be freely assessed as they are currently in use or being occupied by military forces.
Coordination
Finally, third-party relief efforts (those not working under contract with USAID) have not been coordinated with CPA. One example is the wreck removal in Umm Qasr where a UNDP contractor arrived on site and started work virtually unannounced. Some of these activities duplicate the work Bechtel is undertaking on USAID’s behalf to clear the wrecks from Umm Qasr port, requiring changes to the plan. Also, there is not enough space for two simultaneous salvage operations to work within the port.
2.1.5 Existing O&M Organization It has been difficult to assess the existing O&M organizations at the port and grain facilities. This is because most government employees have not been called back to work. Bechtel has reached out to local Iraqi engineers to assist in assessments and to provide local knowledge. The indications are that the Iraqis are qualified and experienced in their professions, but lack the tools and material resources to perform their jobs effectively. Bechtel has not found any spare parts or equipment in storage at this point.
2.1.6 Recommendations
The key to the eventual opening and effective operation of the port is improving the route for large ocean- going vessels to make their way from the Arabian Gulf into the Umm Qasr channel, and eventual berthing at the Port of Umm Qasr. To accomplish this, Bechtel recommends:
Dredging the new port to a depth of 12.5 meters with some berths being dredged to 13.5 meters for larger ships. The footprint of the 12.5-meter-depth should be the length of the new port and 250 meters from the face of the berth, with 13.5-meter-depths at berths 10, 19, 20, and 21. Subject to final results of the bathymetric survey, Bechtel recommends dredging the channel from Umm Qasr to the Arabian Gulf to a depth of 12.5 meters. Removal of wrecks and other objects will be required prior to additional dredging operations.
Phased execution of work required to bring the grain facility up to the requirements recommended by SSA and international standards. Electrical and mechanical systems in the grain facility need to be rehabilitated to original conditions. However, due to the urgent need to be able to unload WFP bulk grain ships, the plant will be placed into operation in an ad hoc manner using local Iraqi operators and technical staff supervised by Bechtel. Bechtel proposes to carry out detailed assessments and a program to procure, install, and start up replacement parts.
Improving security by repairing and upgrading the security infrastructure at the port. It is essential that the existing fence be repaired and upgraded as part of the port security plan.
Bechtel National, Inc. 2.1 -7 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Sector Reports In addition, Bechtel recommends:
Restoring permanent power to all areas of the port Rehabilitating the administration building, customs area, passenger terminal, warehouses, and miscellaneous other buildings to functional condition:
− Restoring all wet utilities − Restoring cranes to working condition − Repairing fender system − Repairing the structural damage to the grain facility wharf − Repairing selected Iraqi dredges − Restoring fire water systems Bechtel National, Inc. 2.1 -8 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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sakjdfha Airports sakjdfha Section 2.2 Airports
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports
2.2 Airports
Bechtel’s airport assessment work has focused on the two primary international gateways of Baghdad and Basrah (Figure 2.2-1) and on the National Air Traffic Management (ATM) infrastructure. Detailed field inspections of both airports have been completed. At the direction of USAID, we shifted our mobilization emphasis from Basrah to Baghdad airport. Inspections of domestic airports at Kirkuk, Mosul, and Arbil have not been carried out as yet, reflecting the priority and urgency attached by CPA and USAID to the two international airports. Bechtel recommends performing rapid assessments of the three domestic airports upon receipt of USAID direction to do so.
Baghdad International Airport is under the control of the U.S. military and is currently serving as a major base of operations in the Central region and as a conduit for humanitarian aid and air access. Basrah Airport is under the control of the U.K. military and serves as the headquarters for U.K. operations in southern Iraq and is also serving the humanitarian and air access needs of the region. The authority for civil aviation in Iraq, including the Baghdad and Basrah airports, is currently under the command of the Senior Aviation Advisor to CPA who reports directly to the head of CPA. Supporting the Senior Aviation Advisor are senior members of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Transportation Security Administration, and other agencies with purview over the direction and priority of infrastructure needs at the two international airports and throughout Iraq.
The assessment team has coordinated its work directly with the Senior Aviation Advisor and his supporting staff to reflect a consistent approach to the objectives established by CPA. Assessments of the airports included reviews of assessment reports prepared by Skylink, the airport operator, and interviews with U.S. Air Force and Army engineers, as well as U.K. military engineers.
The assessment team is comprised of senior engineers with expertise in all key areas of airport infrastructure.
The findings and recommendations from the assessments reflect these areas of expertise:
Air traffic control and navigation aids Airfield facilities Passenger terminal and other facilities Electrical systems and components Mechanical systems and components Conflict Damage−Basrah International Airport Telecommunications and special systems
2.2.1 Existing Conditions and Needs Assessment The field assessment of the airports reveals that Baghdad International Airport sustained light to moderate conflict damage to runways, terminals, and other elements. The need to house some 17,000 troops and support vital military functions has inevitably affected some facilities and equipment. A significant amount of the deficiency in airport function and infrastructure stems from a poor level of overall maintenance and a lack of replacement parts over the past 12 years.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Basrah International Airport also sustained limited damage during the conflict and is accommodating about 1,100 U.K troops. The level of ongoing impact from military functions is modest. Again, a significant part of the airport’s deficiency can be attributed to lack of adequate maintenance and replacement parts. Detailed findings for both airports are shown in Figure 2.2-2.
UXO at both airports is being cleared within the airport boundaries. Most high traffic and facility areas at both airports have been cleared. Some airport navigation aids are located off-airport and UXO in those areas have not yet been cleared.
Figure 2.2-1 Aerial Maps of Baghdad (top) and Basrah International Airports Bechtel National, Inc. 2.2 -2 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Baghdad International Airport Basrah International Airport Air Traffic Control and Navigation Aids Radar inoperative (temporary military radar provided) Air-ground communications equipment outdated and unreliable (temporary military service provided) Ground-ground communications inoperative Airport VORs inoperative (temporary military VOR provided) Precision landing aid (ILS) equipment outdated, unreliable, and not calibrated Control tower building sound but most systems and equipment inoperative Radar has been destroyed (temporary military radar service provided) Air-ground communications equipment outdated and unreliable (temporary military service provided) Ground-ground communications inoperative VOR has been destroyed (temporary military VOR provided) Precision landing aid (ILS) equipment outdated, unreliable, and not calibrated Control tower building sound but most systems and equipment inoperative Airfield Facilities Aircraft safety areas contain debris and feature uneven ground Runway, taxiway, and apron pavement in good condition Perimeter fence damaged in limited areas (temporary security by military) Airfield lighting partially operative; one power substation destroyed; some lighting fixtures damaged or missing Visual aids designed to 1980s standards; paint is faded Meteorological equipment inoperative (temporary meteorological service provided by military) Fire station buildings sound but systems inoperative; fire and rescue equipment operating (temporary fire service provided by military) Aircraft safety areas contain debris and marked by erosion and trenches Runway, taxiway, and apron pavement in good condition Perimeter fence and gates damaged and missing in significant lengths (temporary security provided by military) Airfield lighting inoperative; two power substations gutted; some lighting fixtures damaged or missing (temporary runway edge and approach lights provided by military) Visual aids designed to 1980s standards; paint faded Meteorological equipment inoperative (temporary military meteorological service provided) Fire station building sound but systems inoperative; fire and rescue equipment inoperative (temporary military fire service provided) Passenger Terminal Extensive damage to windows and doors in terminal complex Damage to roof and ceiling in terminals B and C during conflict Extensive cosmetic damage throughout terminal complex to carpets, walls, and ceilings Limited unreliable power to lighting, escalators, elevators and other systems No potable water or sewer service in terminals and no functioning restrooms Computer and telecoms equipment for passenger processing damaged or missing Substantial damage to doors and frames throughout terminal complex Substantial cosmetic damage to carpets, walls, and ceilings No potable water or sewer to terminal and no functioning restrooms Power restored to terminal but of limited reliability and capacity Elevators and escalators not functioning Computer and telecoms equipment for passenger processing damaged or missing Electrical Systems Only one of three 33 kV feeder lines energized, but has not yet been connected to its step-down transformer Central control of the power distribution system not functional; breakers have to be operated manually Of three standby diesel generator sets in the main substation, only one operates for short periods (the military provides their own power in critical areas) One of two generator sets of substation 14 operational, but cannot be paralleled with the one in main substation Control room of central plant substation gutted Only one of two 33 kV feeder lines is operational and relatively reliable One 33 kV circuit breaker and some 11 kV circuit breakers missing Protection systems not functioning (over-voltage, undervoltage, and short-circuit) Some control cabinets looted Three diesel gensets not used since 1991; Units 2 and 3 in working condition; gensets do not start automatically Some microprocessors and PC boards missing in cabinets, making remote operation of several functions impossible Substations of sewage plant and incinerator plant gutted Figure 2.2-2. Existing Conditions at Baghdad and Basrah International Airports Bechtel National, Inc. 2.2 -3 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Baghdad International Airport Basrah International Airport Mechanical Systems Potable water not available at terminal due to storage tank leakage. Potential cross- contamination between potable water and sanitary waste system Most sewage lift stations not operating due to unreliable power supply, poor maintenance, and lack of spare parts. The sewage collection system out of service, posing potentially serious health risk Central plant equipment for HVAC systems can operate at partial loads under manual controls if reliable power available. Equipment operations unreliable due to lack of spare parts. Central Control Monitoring System not functional HVAC system at terminals B, C, and D and ATC are potentially operational but in need of spare parts and filters Plumbing system operational after clear of blockages, tested for leaks, and disinfected. Some plumbing fixtures damaged Terminal loading bridges operable but in need of replacement parts. Most components rusty, corroded, or worn. Several bridges have gunshot damage Baggage handling systems operable but in need of replacement parts. Some components worn and scales need recalibration Fuel farm operational under manual control to load and unload jet fuel by truck. Existing Air Iraqi refueler trucks not serviceable. Apron hydrant system not working since 1991 due to bomb damage to supply headers. USAF taking over fuel farm to support military operations with military refueler trucks Major components structurally sound. Plant operating at 25% of capacity. Spare parts, chemicals, and reverse osmosis membranes in short supply. Water unsuitable for human consumption due to lack of chemical treatment Onsite sewage treatment plant vandalized and inoperable; raw sewage discharged directly to waterway.
Sewage lift stations not fully tested Central plant equipment for HVAC, firewater, service water, instrument air systems operable at partial loads under manual control. One of two boilers no longer serviceable. Equipment operations unreliable due to lack of spare parts. Central control monitoring system for utilities system not functional HVAC system main terminal operational but in need of spare parts and filters. Part of HVAC system at administration building has bomb damages. HVAC system at the ATC currently not operating Plumbing system operational after cleared of blockages, tested for leaks, and disinfected Loading bridges operable but in need of replacement parts. Some components rusty, corroded, or worn Baggage handling systems operable but in need of replacement parts. Some components worn and missing.
Scales need recalibration
Fuel farm operational under manual control to load and unload jet fuel by trucks. Existing Air Iraqi refueler trucks not serviceable. Apron hydrant system not working since 1991. U.K. Royal Air Force (RAF) operating fuel farm with military refueler trucks Figure 2.2-2. (continued) Bechtel National, Inc. 2.2 -4 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Baghdad International Airport Basrah International Airport Telecommunications and Special Systems Existing operation control centers not functioning Checkpoint security systems not functioning Fire alarm and control system believed to be operational, but no central systems working.
Central control and monitoring systems not functioning Access control systems do not exist Closed circuit television systems not operational Public address systems are not operationally reliable Trunked radio Multi-channel 800 megahertz radio system does not exist Repair existing uninterruptible power supplies and replace missing units COMM cabling systems exist for telephones, but not data Local area networks and IMOs do not exist Government systems TSA, FAA, customs, agriculture, and DEA do not exist Common use terminal equipment systems do not exist Gate management systems do not exist Local boarding applications do not exist Multi-use flight information systems not operational Existing operation control centers not functioning Checkpoint security systems not functioning Fire alarm and control system believed to be operational, but no central systems working.
Central control and monitoring systems not functioning Access control systems do not exist Closed circuit television systems not operational Public address systems not operationally reliable Trunked radio multi-channel 800 megahertz radio system (800MRS) does not exist Uninterruptible power supplies do not exist COMM cabling systems exist for telephones, but not data Local area networks and IMOs do not exist Government systems TSA, FAA, customs, agriculture, and DEA do not exist Common use terminal equipment systems do not exist Gate management systems do not exist Local boarding applications do not exist Multi-use flight information system not operational Figure 2.2-2 (continued) In addition to the international airports, Bechtel also conducted a field assessment of the National ATM infrastructure. Our findings show that the National ATM infrastructure is completely inoperative, including the air-to-ground and ground-to-ground communications, surveillance systems (radar), and en route navigation aids.
Limited ATM infrastructure is currently provided by the military.
Destroyed Airfield Lighting Substation Destroyed Equipment Bechtel National, Inc. 2.2 -5 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports
2.2.2 Requirements for Restoration of Critical Services Electrical Systems The critical need at the two international airports is to provide enough power to the central plant, terminal, and other critical load centers to allow operations to resume as soon as possible. As a stop-gap measure, this need can be provided in Baghdad by providing a 5 MVA generator set, which can provide reliable standby power until at least one 33 kV feeder is restored.
At Basrah, reliable power can be achieved by restoring the second feeder from Hammar.
Water, Sewer, and Waste Treatment Facilities Utilities infrastructure for both airports should be restored to begin commercial flights. Reliable potable and fire water supply, delivery, storage, as well as sewage collection and treatment to and from the airport terminals should be in place.
Chilled and hot water production and delivery systems must be operational to meet minimal building HVAC requirements. Restoration of the airport utilities infrastructure will be a high priority for the short and intermediate term repairs.
Missing Equipment
Passenger Services
Passenger processing systems include check-in counters, baggage inspections, baggage handling equipment, and passenger loading bridges. Initially, these processes must be operated manually. Over the long term they must be upgraded and restored to automated function to support increasing passenger needs.
Fuel Farm
Fuel farms at the airports must be made operational to support both civilian and military operations. Civilian operations will include jet A-1 fuel storage and dispensing. Existing apron hydrant fueling is not operational so aircraft fueling will be by civilian refueler trucks.
Baghdad International Airport – Conflict Damage ATM Functions National ATM infrastructure and national enroute ATM capability must be reestablished in order to begin international commercial flights to Baghdad and Basrah airports. Air-to-ground radio communications coverage supporting the routes of flight, and ground-to-ground communications with enroute control facilities Bechtel National, Inc. 2.2 -6 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports in adjacent Flight Information Regions must be in place. A small network is planned using low-cost satellite communication stations that should be sufficient to begin initial, low-volume services.
Environmental Issues
The emergency repairs at the airports do not include significant environmental impacts. However, assessing scoping of issues for short- and long-term work will involve water, wastewater, and other environmental concerns.
2.2.3 Challenges
Immediate Start to Commercial Operations CPA has announced its intent to begin commercial operations as soon as possible at Baghdad International Airport. The urgency of initiating operations places significant challenges on the rapid mobilization, repair, and upgrade of facilities to support this objective.
Coordination with Military Both airports are used as key bases by coalition military forces.
Coordination between CPA and military commanders is directed at adjusting military activities and areas of control within the airports so that both military and commercial operations can be accommodated.
Coordination with Airport Operator Coordination of infrastructure improvements with Skylink, the Damaged Airfield Building contracted airport operator, is needed so that operational needs are supported. As traffic at the airports grows, expansion of infrastructure, facilities, and capacities will be required to meet demand.
Outdated Systems and Equipment The Baghdad and Basrah airports were constructed in the early and mid-1980s, making the systems in place roughly 20 years old. The useful life of many systems, especially electrical, telecommunications, and computer systems, have been exceeded. Major systems and components are required to be replaced due to the lack of maintenance and technology obsolescence.
Manufacturers and Parts no Longer Available Basrah International Airport was built by a German consortium while Baghdad International Airport was built by a French consortium. Many of the European vendors and suppliers are no Outdated Radar Equipment longer in operation or are no longer providing replacement parts for the equipment and systems.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Integration of Local Labor with International Specialists A primary objective of USAID’s reconstruction effort is to engage local contractors and labor to rebuild the airports. However, many elements of airport infrastructure are highly complex and require specialized expertise. As a result, it will be necessary to blend local Iraqi contractors with specialist international contractors to complete the work.
2.2.4 Existing O&M Organization The O&M organizations for both Baghdad and Basrah international airports are currently under the control of the U.S. and U.K. militaries, respectively. For the emergency and short-term phases, this will continue to be the case while the airports serve primarily military and humanitarian relief functions.
USAID, however, has executed a contract with Skylink as the interim operator of the two airports and to facilitate transition of the airports from military to civilian control.
Damaged Terminal Windows – Baghdad International Airport Skylink has begun the process of organizing and staffing the O&M organization of the Baghdad airport as a first priority, and has begun to hire elements of the prior Iraqi management and staff. As additional staff are hired, Skylink will begin training and upgrading the management and technical skills of the staff. Skylink will provide the same services at the Basrah airport.
The transition plan will ultimately pass full control of the airports to well-trained Iraqi management and staff with the capability to operate and maintain the airports to international standards of quality and service.
Air traffic control (ATC) services are also currently provided by coalition military forces at both airports. The Royal Australian Air Force provides the service at Baghdad while the U.K. Royal Air Force provides control at Basrah. CPA has indicated that they foresee the appointment of a “bridge” contractor to provide a transition to national ATC services at both airports until an Iraqi civil aviation organization is capable to assume these responsibilities.
Training of a competent cadre of Iraqi controllers is likely to be undertaken through the bridge contractor supported by such recognized leaders in aviation training as the Singapore Aviation Academy and the FAA.
Baghdad International Airport - Building Drawing Bechtel National, Inc. 2.2 -8 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports
2.2.5 Recommendations
We prioritized recommendations according to five phases, or levels, of operational capability:
Emergency
Baghdad international airport is to open by mid July 2003 to limited commercial flights providing passenger services and operating under daytime visual meteorological conditions (VMC). CPA made the decision to delay the opening of Basrah until after Baghdad International Airport is open. Bechtel’s emergency recommendations are shown in Figure 2.2-3. Other than the minor water treatment plant work performed on an emergency basis at Basrah airport, no other emergency work will be performed.
Baghdad International Airport Basrah International Airport ATC, Landside and Airfield Clear aircraft safety areas of debris and regrade surface Restore original airside signs Install airside baricades and fence to isolate military operatins from the commercial operations Clean and sweep airside pavements Construct employee parking area and security checkpoint at airport entrance Upgrade pavement markings to current ICAO standards Passenger Terminal Make immediate repairs to damaged windows, doors, ceiling and roof in Terminal C Repair and restore Administration Building office area for aiport operations group Repair and restore two holding lounges for limited operations in Terminal C Repair and restore one baggage carousel for limited operations in Terminal C Provide facilities for inbound /outbound security, passport, ticketing, and passenger processing using manual procedures in Terminal C Perform life safety and fire safety audit Electrical Systems Install 5 MVA, 11 kV, 3 ph modular generator set Repair limited electrical systems to Terminal C, and Administration Building Restore limited electrical supply to Terminal C, Administration Building and Central Plant Facility Figure 2.2-3. Emergency Recommendations for Baghdad and Basrah International Airports and ATM Infrastructure Bechtel National, Inc. 2.2 -9 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Baghdad International Airport Basrah International Airport Mechanical Systems Restore limited water supply to Terminal C Restore airport treatment plant operation Restore limited sewer collection from Terminal C.
Repair the main sewage lift pumps and motors.
Unclog and flush limited portion of sanitary system in Terminal C. Coordinate with responsible parties to repair and restore lift stations between the airport and the off-site waste treatment plant Restock spare parts and replacement parts for all critical components Initiate equipment overhaul and/or replacement program for critical mechanical systems. Include hot water boilers, chillers, cooling towers, pump, piping, and instrumentation Initiate equipment overhaul, test, recalibrate, and rebalance of HVAC systems Restore, clean, unclog, test, and disinfect limited building plumbing systems Telecommunications Install temporary satellite communications center and Special Systems Start security master plan Establish a Security Operations Control Center Install new multichannel trunked radio systems Stock a fire brigade room with extinguishers to ensure employee and public safety.
Repair emergency power and uninterruptible power supplies where needed National ATM Infrastructure Install VSAT Based National ATM infrastructure communications Install remote VHF stations for en route ATM communications Figure 2.2-3. Continued.
Short-term Recommendations The second level of operations is to continue to expand the level of service at Terminal C at Baghdad International Airport and to add services to handle regularly scheduled airline flights serving passengers under daytime VMC conditions. Once Baghdad airport is open, the repair work to open Basrah airport for limited commercial operations will begin, replicating the process used to open Baghdad airport. Short-term recommendations for Baghdad and Basrah airports are shown in Figure 2.2-4.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Baghdad International Airport Basrah International Airport ATC, Ancillary Facilities and Airfield Install access road 5 meter threat fence Clear aircraft safety areas of debris and regrade surface Install landside security fence and barricades Install airside baricades and fence to isolate military operatins from the commercial operations Restore original airside signs Clean and sweep airside pavements Upgrade pavement markings to current ICAO standards Passenger Terminal Initiate maintenance and repair program for elevators and escalators in Terminal C Make immediate repairs to damaged windows and doors in public areas of terminal Refurbish two passenger loading bridges to IATA standards for airline commercial operations Repair and restore one holding lounge for limited operations at north end of terminal Continue maintenance and repair program for Terminal C architectural Repair and restore one baggage carousel for limited operations at north end of terminal Repair Roof and Departure area bomb damage Provide facilities for inbound and outbound security, passport, ticketing, and passenger processing using manual procedures Prepare life safety and fire safety audit Electrical Systems Continue full maintenance and repair program of Terminal C electrical systems Inspect and test the 33 kV Xfmr and change oil Change oil in the 33 kV breakers Restore electrical power in the Hammar 33KV feeder Procure and Install a 3.1 MVA Generator set in Generator Building Replace defective standby gensets in airfield substations (1000 KVA) Mechanical Systems Continue full restroom and kitchen maintenance and repair program Continue full HVAC and control maintenance and repair program Continue full plumbing and drainage systems maintenance and repair program Restore chemical treatment capability at the water treatment plant.
Test and disinfect entire water distribution network.
Provide temporary means to treat sanitary waste on site.
Test and clear sewer network of all blockages. Make lift stations operational.
Figure 2.2-4. Short-term Recommendations for Baghdad and Basrah International Airports.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Baghdad International Airport Basrah International Airport Telecommunications and Special Systems Initiate repair and commission Paging System Start fire and life safety master plan Initiate repair and commission CCTV System Start safe operations master plan Initiate repair and commission FIDS/BIDS System Start security master plan Initiate repair and commision Fire Alarm System Establish a Security Operations Control Center Install new multichannel trunked radio systems (typically 800Mhz in USA) Install new Checkpoint Equipment System including Magnetometers, X-ray, and Trace Detection System (explosives and drug detection, as the TSA did at smaller U.S. airports) Repair existing fire alarm and control system and/or stock a fire brigade room with extinguishers to ensure employee and public safety Provide emergency power and uninterruptible power supplies where needed Figure 2.2-4. Continued.
Intermediate-term
The third level of operations is to expand capability of Baghdad and Basrah international airports to serve scheduled airline passenger and cargo flights under daytime and nighttime instrument meteorological conditions. Intermediate-term recommendations are shown in Figure 2.2-5.
Baghdad International Airport Basrah International Airport ATC, Ancillary Facilities and Airfield Repair control tower building, console replacements Repair control tower building, console replacements Install precision landing aid, such as Instrument Clear aircraft safety areas of debris and regrade Landing System with Distance Measuring Equipment surface (ILS/DME) or Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Install ICAO signage Install ICAO signage Repair perimeter fence Install precision landing aid, such as Instrument Landing System with Distance Measuring Equipment (ILS/DME) or Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Install weather observation equipment Repair perimeter fence Repair airfield lighting power substations Install weather observation equipment Repair and replace airfield lighting fixtures, as Repair airfield lighting power substations needed Restore lighting to visual aids Repair and replace airfield lighting fixtures, as needed Install DVOR/DME navigation aid Restore lighting to visual aids Repair Emergency Response Station Install DVOR/DME navigation aid Repair Cargo Faciltiy Repair Emergency Response Station Upgrade signage to current ICAO standards Upgrade signage to current ICAO standards Repair Cargo Facility Figure 2.2-5. Intermediate-term Recommendations for Baghdad and Basrah International Airports Bechtel National, Inc. 2.2 -12 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Baghdad International Airport Basrah International Airport Passenger Terminal Expand Terminal C function from two to six holding lounges and gates Expand passenger processing facilities to handle expanded throughput Shift from manual to automated systems for security, ticketing and bag tag systems Continue upgrade of telecom, computer and special systems Initiate maintenance and repair program for elevators and escalators in terminal Restore potable water and sewer to Terminal and initiate full maintenance and repair program of restrooms and kitchens Restore power to terminal and initiate full maintenance and repair program of electrical systems Expand terminal function from one to three holding lounges and gates Continue upgrade of electrical systems Expand passenger processing facilities to handle expanded throughput Continue upgrade of mechanical systems Shift from manual to automated security and passenger processing Initiate upgrade of telecoms and special systems Refurbish remaining passenger loading bridges at terminal C Refurbish baggage handling system. Tie in system with new airport structured cable local network Implement life-and-safety and fire audit recommendations Refurbish remaining 3 passenger loading bridges Electrical Systems Restore power flow in the second 33 kV feeder (1) Restore and test the relay protection systems (assume 1 panel per Xfmr) Procure and install second 5 MVA generator set in generator building Repair/Replace 11 kV Switchgear equipment Module (assume 2 defective units) Replace defective standby gensets in other load centers Replace defective 11 kV distribution cables (assume 5000m, single circuit) − Assume two units of 1,000 KVA are defective Replace defective 600 V distribution cables (assume 10000m, single circuit) − Assume four units of 500 KVA are defective Replace 11 kV cable terminations (assume 20 units are defective) Replace 600 V cable terminations (assume 500 units are defective) Civil work to locate open and cover ducts with defective 11 kV cables Overhaul the #2 & #3 generators and engines.
Test and repair/replace defective transformers (assume six 11 kV /380 V, 2 MVA) Restore and test the relay protection systems (assume 1 panel per transformer) Repair or replace 11 kV Switchgear Equipment Module (assume 2 defective units) Replace defective 11 kV distribution cables (assume 10,000m, single circuit) Replace defective 600 V distribution cables (assume 20,000m, single circuit) Replace 11 kV cable terminations (assume 40 units are defective) Replace 600 V cable terminations (assume 1,000 units are defective) − 1000 kVA, 11 kV/380V, 3ph transformer − 11 kV switchgear and bus − 11 kV switchgear Equipment Module − Civil - foundations and building Figure 2.2-5. Continued.
Bechtel National, Inc. 2.2 -13 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Baghdad International Airport Basrah International Airport Civil work to locate open and cover ducts with defective 11 kV cables Rebuild the airfield lighting substation #1 (was completely destroyed) − 1000 kVA, 11 kV/380V, 3ph transformer − 11 kV Switchgear and bus − 11 kV Switchgear Equipment Module − Civil - foundations and building Mechanical Systems Restock spare parts and replacement parts for all critical components Continue equipment overhaul and/or replacement program for critical mechanical systems. Include hot water boilers, chillers, cooling towers, pump, piping, and instrumentation Continue to restore, test, recalibrate, and rebalance HVAC systems Continue to restore, clean, unclog, test, and disinfect building plumbing systems Rebuild the Sewage Treatment Plant and the Incinerator Plant Substations (completely gutted) Overhaul the air compressor. Install automatic controls Continue to restore full operation of onsite sewage treatment plant Obtain spare parts and replacement parts for all critical components Initiate equipment overhaul and/or replacement program for critical mechanical systems. Include hot water boilers, chillers, cooling towers, pump, piping, and instrumentation Restore, test, recalibrate and rebalance HVAC systems Restore, clean, unclog, test, and disinfect building plumbing systems Restore full operation of onsite sewage treatment plant Telecommunications and Special Systems Refurbish two passenger loading bridges to IATA Standards for airline commercial operations Install new Checkpoint Equipment System including Magnetometers, X-ray, and Trace Detection System (explosives and drug detection, as the TSA did at smaller U.S. airports) Install new central control monitoring system Install new central control monitoring sys.
Refit existing comm rooms & closets (CR&C) with new Refit existing comm rooms & closets (CR&C) with communications equipment new communications equipment Install common use terminal equipment (CUTE) and local boarding application Install common use terminal equipment (CUTE) and local boarding application Implement a new digital master clock system Implement a new digital master clock system Install new multi-use flight information system Install new multi-use flight information system (MUFIDS) (MUFIDS) Install a new gate management system with MUFIDS Install a new gate management system with MUFIDS Install a new property management system with Install a new property management system with MUFIDS MUFIDS Install a new security badging system (SBS) Install a new security badging system (SBS) Install a new access control system (ACS) Install a new access control system (ACS) Install a new closed circuit television (CCTV) Install a new closed circuit television (CCTV) Install new structured cabling for the COMM cabling Install new structured cabling for the COMM cabling system system Figure 2.2-5. Continued.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Baghdad International Airport Basrah International Airport Implement Local Area Network (LAN) and Integrated Media Outlet data and phone ports Install a new public address system and test existing speakers for usability; replace speaker and speaker wire if necessary Recondition ticket counters and gate podiums to accept CUTE equipment Implement Local Area Network (LAN) and Integrated Media Outlet data and phone ports Install a new public address system and test existing speakers for usability; replace speaker and speaker wire if necessary Recondition ticket counters and gate podiums to accept CUTE equipment National ATM Infrastructure ATC Radar at Baghdad Figure 2.2-5. Continued.
Long-term
Once instrument meteorological conditions for daytime and nighttime operations are achieved at Baghdad and Basrah international airports, our recommendation is to expand the Iraq airport infrastructure at these facilities to continue to improve the level of service. Long-term recommendations include the opening of the remaining Baghdad terminal and administration facilities, replacement of the emergency powerhouse equipment, and repair of the ancillary facilities, such as catering kitchens, GSE repair facilities, and aircraft maintenance facilities. Continued improvements in the ATC system for Iraq include better en route surveillance and control using MSSR radar and VOR/OME navigation aids. Long-term recommendations are shown in Figure 2.2-6.
Baghdad International Airport Basrah International Airport ATC, Ancillary Facilities and Airfield Install airport surveillance radar Assess requirement for airport surveillance radar at Basrah Install permanent terrestrial ATC communications Install permanent terrestrial ATC communications Restore airport GSE, security and access road Restore airport GSE, security and access road infrastructure infrastructure Ancillary Facility repair such as Cargo, Catering and Maintenance Facilities Continue to restore airport ancillary facilities Continue to restore airport ancillary facilities Electrical Systems Restore central control of all substations Restore central control of all substations − One PC unit per substation − One server in the main substation − Equipment for data network, using phone line in each substation − One PC unit per substation − One server in the main substation − Equipment for data network, using phone line in each substation Figure 2.2-6. Long-term Recommendations for Baghdad and Basrah International Airports Bechtel National, Inc. 2.2 -15 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Baghdad International Airport Basrah International Airport Mechanical Systems Complete equipment overhaul and replacement program Tie in with new CCMS system to automate building life support systems Upgrade Ameria water treatment plant to drinking water standard Restore apron hydrant fueling system and GSE fuel system if traffic demand warrants Complete equipment overhaul and replacement program Replace CCMS system to automate building life support systems Refurbish baggage handling system. Tie in system with new airport structured cable local network Restore apron hydrant fueling system if traffic demand warrants Telecommunications and Special Systems Accommodate airline operations systems into structured cabling system Accommodate airline operations systems into structured cabling system Accommodate government systems TSA, FAA, customs, agriculture, DEA Accommodate government systems TSA, FAA, customs, agriculture, DEA Complete fire and life safety master plan Complete fire and life safety master plan Complete safe operations master plan Complete safe operations master plan Complete security master plan Complete security master plan National ATM Install en route VOR/OME navigation aids Infrastructure Consider installation of additional MSSR radar for en route ATM surveillance and control Figure 2.2-6. Continued.
Unassessed Projects
Bechtel has not assessed the three remaining unspecified domestic airports in our contract scope. The three are likely to be Mosul, Kirkuk, and Tikrit airports, which are currently military facilities. The information we have gathered from the two international airports assessed to date gives Bechtel reason to believe that the three domestic airports will require significant repair and rehabilitation to bring their facilities up to an acceptable industry standard for operations and safety. Examples of such remedial work include repair to terminal and ancillary facilities, emergency power, ATC, and general utility systems.
Appendix
Included in the Appendix is the following:
Airport Systems Assessment Checklist Bechtel National, Inc. 2.2 -16 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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sakjdfha Airports sakjdfha Section 2.3 Water, Waste, Irrigation
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports
2.3 Water, Waste, and Irrigation Water, waste, and irrigation are critical areas in terms of water supplies to southern Iraq. There is an immediate need to ensure that population has access to water for basic health and sanitation.
On a wider scale, the Bechtel assessment included reconstruction, repair, or rehabilitation and/or upgrade of water treatment plants, distribution systems, and pumping stations; wastewater collection systems, pumping stations, and treatment plants; and solid waste collection equipment and disposal facilities.
Bechtel has been tasked with assessing the critical systems in 15 urban centers within the first 6 months.
Criteria for this assessment include:
Meeting the humanitarian needs of the local populace Ensuring the system is sustainable Designing a system that accommodates expansion Returning the system to preconflict conditions as a minimum Typical compact water treatment unit To date, Bechtel has concentrated on the Al Basrah, Baghdad, and Heartland regions, which were identified by CPA and USAID early in the process as areas of greatest need. This report presents the initial findings and outlines the resulting conclusions and recommendations.
2.3.1 Existing Conditions
Bechtel performed assessments on numerous water and wastewater plants, pumps, generators, and pipelines as shown in Figures 2.3-5 through 2.3-9 at the end of this section and listed in the Appendix. In addition, military assessment reports were reviewed and incorporated into our findings. A pictorial presentation of the current status of many water and waste facilities is presented in the Appendix. The following is an overview of those assessments.
Water
The Tigris and Euphrates rivers and their tributaries supply about two-thirds of the raw water that is treated and used for potable services in Iraq. The rivers generally carry significant levels of silt from erosion, blowing sands, and agricultural runoff. This necessitates the use of water treatment processes that typically include treatment with alum; mixing, flocculation, and sedimentation to remove some of the solids; and sand filtration to remove the remaining solids prior to chlorination and transport through the distribution system to the end user. There are about 1,500 existing water treatment facilities operating in Iraq, of which 1,200 are compact units and 226 are conventional plants with clarifiers and gravity-based rapid sand filters. The remainder are wells or springs that require only chlorination to be acceptable for drinking water usage. Ninety-one percent of the urban population and 48% of the rural population are served by the potable water systems.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports The extent to which Iraq’s water treatment plants are functioning is attributed to the resourcefulness and dedication of the Iraqi engineers and maintenance people who are making do with few, if any, spare parts, as well as insufficient power. The plants rely on the chemical alum to aid in the removal of solids and chlorine to kill any residual bacteria. The chemical feed and controls for these systems need replacement. Motors, pumps, and other working mechanisms are generally in need of either replacement or major repairs. Effluent quality is rarely monitored.
In many cases, those who don’t receive water directly have punctured the distribution system to insert their own takeoff pipes (pictured at right), creating new sources of contamination for the supply system.
Major urban centers in Iraq are shown in Figure 2.3-1. About two-thirds of the population reside in the belt between the two rivers from Samarra to the north of Baghdad to Illegal tapping points on water supply pipe Samawah in the south. Municipal wastewater and agricultural runoff from this region exerts a tremendous load on the water resources of the area. Over the last decade, in the areas to the south of Samawah, cholera and related diseases have been common. This year cases are also being reported in the Al Basrah governorate.
Figure 2.3-1 Major Urban Centers of Iraq Bechtel National, Inc. 2.3 -2
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Waste Management Sewerage, which includes treatment, serves 80% of the population of Baghdad and 9% of the remainder of the urban population. Rural areas and the autonomous region in the North of Iraq are unsewered. Existing sewage treatment plants have suffered greatly from a lack of maintenance funds. Many of the treatment plants are simply bypassing the wastewater and going directly to the rivers due to a lack of one or more of the following:
Spare parts
Aeration tank with old sludge decaying at base.
Attention to scheduled maintenance Training and tools for the maintenance staff Power for significant periods of time Power outages force a shutdown of lift station pumps causing the sewerage to back up in the sewers to the point where flooding may occur. This promotes deposition of solids in the sewer, which leads to further blockages of sewerage flow. Flooding from sewerage, or foul flooding, is a common problem in Baghdad. In an attempt to combat this problem, numerous generators have been installed throughout the urban areas, but the need to operate them on a nearly continuous basis has resulted in a failure of many of the generators.
Irrigation Systems
Bechtel has begun discussions with USAID agricultural program staff on determining priority needs for repair or rehabilitation of Iraq’s irrigation system. Field assessments will begin shortly.
2.3.2 Requirements for Restoration of Critical Services Water Availability of a safe, reliable source of potable water is an absolute necessity for the citizens of Iraq. This requirement is not only challenged by the existing aging, under-maintained water supply system, but also by the discharge of large amounts of raw wastewater into the river water supply system, either from inoperative treatment plants or illegal discharges of septic tank truck effluent.
Wastewater Treatment
To combat this situation, Bechtel’s recommendation is to focus on wastewater treatment plant rehabilitation from Mosul down to Samawah. The objective is to repair or replace the inoperative mechanical and electrical equipment within the wastewater treatment plants and restore the plants to their original design capacity and effluent quality. The plants that Bechtel recommends for the first tier of projects are listed in Figure 2.3-2.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Wastewater Plants Recommended for Initial Rehabilitation Region Name Current Capacity Baghdad Mayoralty Rusramiyah 430,000cum/da Kerkh 280,000cum/da Heartlands Karbala 116,000cum/da Al Kut 0 Al Najaf 43,000cum/da Al Hillah 12,000cum/da Ad Diwaniyah 12,000cum/da Samawah 0 Figure 2.3-2. Wastewater Plants Recommended for Initial Rehabilitation Nearly 75% of the wastewater discharged from these major sources comes from the Baghdad area. The existing Baghdad wastewater treatment facilities require immediate attention to reduce the bacterial and organic loading to the rivers. The best approach would be to treat as much of the effluent as possible to a secondary standard to promote bacterial kill through chlorination. Likewise, the sewage pumping stations must operate on a reliable basis to prevent flooding streets and basements with raw sewage. Any improvement of the river water quality will require significant changes to the Baghdad system.
Requirements for repair or rehabilitation of irrigation systems will be determined upon completion of the assessment program.
Water Treatment
Water treatment systems are generally not efficiently functioning due to the large quantity of wastewater entering the water supply system. Bechtel proposes focusing on the water treatment systems starting in the south and gradually working to the north. Figure 2.3-3 shows the water treatment and distribution system for the Al Basrah governorate. The majority of the water treatment plants in this area are compact units purchased through the Oil-for-Food Figure 2.3-3. Water Distribution Network for Al Bashra Program. The objective will be to rehabilitate the mechanical and electrical systems of these plants to improve their reliability and operability. A major area of emphasis will be control of the chemicals, alum and chlorine, to ensure proper water treatment. Operator training is required to improve both operations and quality control within the treatment plant.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports
2.3.3 Needs Assessment
Within the water and wastewater area, the majority of the emergency situations have been assigned to military units and those NGOs that have been working in the region for the last several years. This includes a provision to truck in potable water as well as emergency repairs to mechanical and electrical systems.
The assessment team’s focus has been on the short- and intermediate-term solutions to water-related issues.
Short-term
Suggested short-term solutions include:
Rehabilitate the pump stations serving the Al Basrah governorate’s potable water system Rehabilitate the Kerkh and Rusramiyah wastewater plants in Baghdad to the extent possible to deliver a good level of secondary water treatment (each plant has several independent process trains) Repair and replace mechanical and electrical systems in the existing Karbala, Al Hillah, Al Najaf, and Ad Diwaniyah wastewater plants Provide at least primary, and preferably secondary, treatment at Al Kut and Samawah Rehabilitate potable water treatment plants serving Al Basrah governorate’s residents Repair major illegal connections to the Umm Khayal-Safwan and Al Basrah-Umm Qasr pipelines Complete construction of a new pump station to serve Safwan and neighboring communities (suspended due to the conflict) Construct a 200-million-liter/day water filtration plant extension for the Saba Nissan water treatment plant in Baghdad Replace critical sewerage lift station pumps and install bar screens in Baghdad sewers where conditions warrant The above represents critical actions required at 9 of the 15 major urban areas originally listed (highlighted in red in Figure 2.3-4). These actions will allow these regions to meet basic potable water needs as well as allow them to meet minimal standards of health regarding sewage effluent discharge. Figure 2.3-4. Urban Areas Requiring Short-term Actions Bechtel National, Inc. 2.3 -5
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Long-term It is anticipated that long-term solutions will continue to focus on the wastewater treatment plants north of Baghdad, the rehabilitation of the remaining portion of the Baghdad wastewater plants (if all are not completed in the near-term), and water treatment plants in the major urban areas in the central and northern parts of Iraq. In addition, Bechtel proposes clearing the Sweet Water Canal of plant growth and accumulated sand and silts and repairing the canal walls to minimize both leaks and the danger of a catastrophic failure that would sever the Al Basrah governorate from its primary source of water supply.
Idle Ad Diwaniyah Water Treatment Plant Another long-term objective is to begin developing a method to reclaim the Mesopotamian Marshlands to restore natural river water quality.
2.3.4 Challenges
Some of the challenges that must be overcome to make the program successful for Iraqi citizens include:
Coordinating efforts to minimize overlap among the numerous NGOs, military and civilian authorities, and private contractors in the area Spreading work efforts throughout the country so all areas can benefit more or less equally Resolving illegal water taps on the network by providing an acceptable substitute that reduces the potential for contamination of the water supply Maximizing Iraqi participation in the supply and installation of facilities in the face of worldwide interest in providing these same services Meeting community expectations for reliable water supply and wastewater collection and treatment Integrating with Iraqi utility engineers and engineering companies to jointly define and implement solutions to the water and wastewater issues Additional community issues that must be addressed by the local citizens include:
Developing a recognition within local communities that the upgraded facilities are theirs to maintain and protect for their own benefit Retraining local utility staff so they are aware of the need to closely monitor plant performance and output to ensure that the quality of the product meets public health requirements Increasing public awareness regarding citizen obligations to help maintain the integrity of the water supply system and to properly dispose of sewerage and household wastes so they do not degrade water supplies or the environment Bechtel National, Inc. 2.3 -6
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports
2.3.5 Existing O&M Organization With the exception of the Baghdad Mayoralty, it appears that the O&M organizations of the municipalities, both water and wastewater, lack an appreciation of how unit operations were supposed to function. Alum feed systems appeared to be fixed at some general set point regardless of flow through the plants. The same appeared to be true for chlorination systems. Little or no water quality data was being collected in the plants to ensure they were performing to expectation and it appears there was no regional or federal oversight of the water or wastewater plants to ensure they were meeting mandated water quality objectives.
The above situation may be the result of the long period of deprivation where water and wastewater utilities were barely able to keep mechanical and electrical systems running, much less monitoring plant operations through laboratories. As a result, most of the water plants were not removing turbidity to sufficient levels to render the chlorination process effective. Given the high level of raw wastewater in the supply, this is an unacceptable situation.
Neither water nor wastewater plants were able to maintain any reasonable spare parts inventory. On the contrary, they ran a negative inventory since they were always short of spare parts for their equipment. Rehabilitating the existing equipment or replacing it should include a reasonable allowance to supply needed spares.
Bechtel strongly recommends that the governates develop an effective training program for the conventional and Pumps will require testing under all conditions to ensure availability.
compact units and take this training to each water plant in their area. In addition, each plant should have a clean area dedicated to laboratory quality control and the governate should develop a quality assurance capability to help identify O&M teams that need additional assistance to ensure that they deliver a quality product.
2.3.6 Recommendations
The primary recommendation is to address the public health issue of providing a safe, reliable supply of potable water to the public. This can be achieved in two steps:
Upgrading water treatment and transmission facilities in the southern region of the country so they effectively and reliably remove the turbidity and kill the bacteria in the water supply. Educate the public to refrain from the illegal water network taps and provide a sanitary alternative for those in the area not currently connected to the system.
Removing the sources of raw wastewater from the highly populated south central region by rehabilitating the major wastewater treatment plants that are currently discharging raw or nearly raw wastewater to the rivers. In addition, provide a proper disposal area for the septic tank trucks and enforce a stop to the practice of dumping septic tank waste into the rivers and canals.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports The following describes the general characteristics of the projects that have been identified through the assessment process, and discussions with the engineers and managers in the Baghdad Water Authority and the General Corporation for Water and Sewerage. The listed projects have been segregated into five categories, the first four of which we have assessed as part of our initial program in country:
Emergency – projects requiring an immediate start to meet urgent humanitarian needs.
Short-term – projects that can be completed within 6 months of receiving an approved job order.
Intermediate – projects that can be completed between 6 months from job order approval and the end of the contract program.
Long-term – assessed projects that we believe completion would extend beyond the end of the contract program in 2004.
Emergency Projects
These are projects that can meet a critical need in the first few months of the program (Figure 2.3-5).
Providing a safe, reliable supply of water is one of these critical areas. For the east side of Baghdad, which suffers a shortage of nearly a billion liters of water daily, this amounts to a capacity increase of about a quarter of a billion liters of water in a 3 month period. In Aswan, in southern Iraq, it means finishing a pump station that is the only source of supply to a community of about 30,000 people. And finally, again in southern Iraq, it includes repairs to three existing main transmission pipelines that have several breaks and illegal penetrations, greatly increasing the chances of contaminating the potable supply to several communities.
Short- and Intermediate-Term Projects This phase (Figures 2.3-6 and 2.3-7) will initially focus on upgrading the water plants in the area south of An Nasiriyah to the Port of Umm Qasr and the wastewater plants in the central region, from Baghdad south to just north of An Nasiriyah. Once these projects have been started, attention will turn to the water projects in the central region and the wastewater projects to the north of Baghdad.
Our initial assessments show that most, if not all, of the water treatment plants require replacement of their chemical feed systems; ammonium sulfate to help remove solids and chlorine to kill bacteria. Pumps, motors, and generators require refurbishment and in some cases replacement. Since many of the plants are compact units and of similar manufacture, one way to expedite the rehabilitation would be to initially replace the pumps on a few plants and take the surplussed pumps to a refurbishment center. Here they would be refurbished or provide parts to the process, thus providing a pool of pumps to downstream plants as they are upgraded. An Iraqi company could be established to do the rehabilitation if one does not already exist in the area.
Raw wastewater discharges to the rivers must cease. Mechanical and electrical equipment will be replaced and/or repaired as needed. Operators and tank truck drivers must be trained to properly exercise their duties.
A program also needs to be established for the canal systems. Most are in need of cleaning, dredging, and bank restabilization. Flows and salinities should be addressed to determine if some contribute significantly to Bechtel National, Inc. 2.3 -8
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports the salt load for the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The Sweet Water canal should be cleared, dredged, and stabilized as a priority as it is the prime source of water for the Al Basrah governorate.
Long-Term Projects
The above projects focus on returning the water and wastewater systems to their design conditions. Longer- term projects generally look to extend the capabilities of the existing works or put new works in place (Figure
2.3-8). At this time, a significant portion of the wastewater generated in Baghdad is discharged to the river even when all the plants are running at capacity. Outside of Baghdad, approximately 10% of the population is sewered and all of the municipalities have less water supplied than their demand. This group of projects is intended to address those problems over the next few years.
Unassessed Projects
The objective of these strategic projects is to help move Iraq from the situation where available parts and equipment limits the choices for infrastructure development to a position where decisions can be made that benefit the long-term health, social, and economic development of the people (Figure 2.3-9). A case in point is to replace the dispersed compact units with a regional conventional water treatment plant. This would improve the reliability and maintainability of the equipment, ease the burden on operator training, and centralize the maintenance programs. Quality control monitoring would be simpler because of the centralized systems and the much-reduced number of process units to monitor. Addressing the growing salinity of Lake Tharthar, brackish agricultural waters and the marshlands issue are also key strategic programs that have significant impact on the resources of the country.
Appendix
Included in the Appendix are the following:
Facilities Visited by Water Team Al Basrah Governorate Potable Water Pump Station Current Status Out of service clarifier Bechtel National, Inc. 2.3 -9
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Emergency Projects Location Action Required Duration of Activity Safwan pump station New pump station and rehabilitated elevated storage tank for potable water supply to approximately 40,000 people near Al Basrah. 3 months Figure 2.3-5. Emergency Activities.
Short-term Projects
Location Action Required Duration of Activity Phase Duration per phase Saba Nissan Extension No. 1 Construct 200 million liter/day water plant extension for east side of Baghdad serving about 2.5 million residents.
1 3-4 months
2 9-12 months
Repair water mains in Basrah region Replace 1 - 15 km supply pipeline and repair damage incurred by illegal connections on approximately 40 km of two potable water main pipelines.
5 months
Ba'aqubah water treatment
plant
Rehabilitate or replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment. 6-8 months Rehabilitate through replacement or repair dosing (Alum, Chlorine), Diwaniyah water treatment flocculation, clarification and filtration equipment at the treatment plant.
3-5 months
plant
Update QC laboratory.
Al kut water treatment Rehabilitate or replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment. Update QC laboratory. 6 months Al Samawah water treatment plant.
Rehabilitate and replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment. Update QC laboratory. 6-8 months Canal salinity and general water quality survey Determine flow and salinity for canals/rivers tributary to Tigris and Euphrates. 8-10 months Note: QC - Quality Control; ICA - Instrumentation, control and automation Figure 2.3-6. Short-term Activities.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Intermediate-term Projects Location Action Required Duration of Activity Al Hillah water treatment plant Complete the works for the two waste water plants serving Al Basrah. Increase the network to serve about 50%. 18-24 months Saba Nissan Extension No. 2 Add new 50MGD (200 million liter/day) water plant expansion. 18 Months Basrah water distribution pumps and generators Rehabilitate or replace approximately 90 water pumps and 20 generators (and all ICA equipment) equipment that supply water to 13 areas in and around the Basrah region.
8-10 months
Basrah water treatment plants Rehabilitate through replacement or repair 13 water treatment plants including dosing equipment (Alum, Chlorine), coagulation, filtration and disinfection within the Basrah region.
8-12 months (depending upon extent of repairs/vendor equipment availability) Diwaniyah wastewater treatment plant Rehabilitate or replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment. Plant is currently disposing raw wastewater into river network.
8 months
Kerballa wastewater treatment plant Rehabilitate or replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment. Plant is currently disposing raw wastewater into river network.
12 months
Al Najaf water treatment plant Rehabilitate through replacement or repair of dosing (Alum, Chlorine), flocculation, clarification and filtration equipment at the treatment plant.
8-10 months
Al Najaf wastewater treatment plant Rehabilitate and replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment. Plant is currently disposing raw wastewater into river network.
10-12 months
Al Hillah wastewater treatment plant Rehabilitate or replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment. Plant is currently disposing raw wastewater into river network .
10 months
Baghdad sewage lift stations Pump failure is causing sewerage to back up into city streets.
Install bar screens to protect lift station pumps and replace or rehabilitate existing pumps.
12 months
Kerkh wastewater treatment plant Rehabilitate and replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment within the influent screenings. Grit removal and primary tanks currently passing raw wastewater into the river network. Plant is currently disposing raw wastewater into river network.
8-12 months (depending upon extent of repairs and equipment availability) Rusramiyah wastewater treatment plants Replace or rehabilitate the mechanical and electrical systems from the influent screens to the chlorination system. Plant is currently discharging raw wastewater to the river.
12-15 months (depending on the availability of equipment) Figure 2.3-7. Intermediate-term Activities.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Intermediate-term Projects Location Action Required Duration of Activity Kirkuk water treatment plant Rehabilitate or replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment. 12 months Arbil water treatment plant Rehabilitate or replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment. 8-10 months Rehabilitate existing flooding sewerage stations Repair or replace pumps and provide bar screens for pump protection where recommended. 18 months Mosul waste water treatment plant Rehabilitate or replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment. 12 months Mosul water treatment plant Rehabilitate or replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment. Update QC laboratory. 10-12 months Remove debris, clean accumulated sand, repair canal banks, (both Refurbish Sweet water canal pumps, gates erosion damage and serious structural concrete collapse) line canal
12-15 months
and canal walls
where appropriate (only 60% canal walls are lined, bottom is unlined). Repair/replace pumps and controls, valves and penstocks.
Refurbish Baghdad
existing water plants Kerkh Saba Nissan General plant maintenance of Mechanical and Electrical equipment. 12 months Complete refurbishment of Kerkh wastewater treatment plant Upgrade, rehabilitate or replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment, as required. 12-15 months Upgrade institutional capacity for sustainable plant O&M Assist in implementing new management systems for O&M and in training operating staff. 12 months Complete refurbishment of Rusramiyah wastewater treatment plant Upgrade, rehabilitate or replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment, as required. 15-18 months Note: QC - Quality Control; ICA - Instrumentation, control and automation Figure 2.3-7. Continued.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Long-term Projects Location Action Required Duration of Activity Refurbish Al Faris wastewater treatment plant Rehabilitate or replace mechanical and electrical (including ICA) equipment. Update QC laboratory. 12 months Baghdad water treatment plant expansion Design and install a new conventional coagulation and filtration plant for the east side of Baghdad. 60 months Canal dredging Dredge canals on a continuing basis to remove silt and lower adjacent water tables. 60 months Add a sewer line along river to intercept existing flows of Heartlands area interceptor sewer untreated sewerage is dumped in storm sewers and
18-24 months
transport of sewerage away from river to aeration ponds.
Upgrade Baghdad wastewater plants to handle existing flows Existing plants do not have the design capacity to handle the current sewerage flows. 48 months Install septage treatment systems in Arbil and Kirkuk Septic tank wastes are currently not treated and most likely are discharged to the canals and rivers. 18 months Install sewerage systems in Arbil and Kirkuk These cities currently do not have any sewers; they rely on septic tanks and latrines. 36 months Upgrade Basrah wastewater plant Complete the construction and startup of the wastewater plant. 36 months New screens, rehabilitate and replace mechanical and Al Hillah water treatment plant electrical (including ICA) equipment. Update QC
3-6 months
laboratory.
Upgrade Al Kut wastewater treatment plant New wastewater treatment plant. 15-18 months.
Al Samawah wastewater treatment plant.
Complete the design and commence construction on a new wastewater treatment plant. Design is partially complete. Work stopped at the onset of the conflict.
18 months
Note: QC - Quality Control; ICA - Instrumentation, control and automation Figure 2.3-8. Long-term Activities.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Unassessed Projects Activities Location Action Required Duration of Activity Rerouting of river flows has resulted in a significant reduction Marshlands rehabilitation in supply of water to the marshlands. This program will look to 60 months identifying and implementing solutions to the problem.
The expansion of Baghdad wastewater plants and collection systems serving the entire city At present 80% of Baghdad has a sewer system. This project will provide sewage for the entire city. 60 months Expand existing wastewater collection systems to serve 100% of municipalities that currently have sewage treatment Municipalities with sewer systems generally only have service for 10-20 percent of the city. This program would provide full coverage to the entire city.
48
Expand existing wastewater treatment in GCWS municipalities to cover 100%.
The above municipalities have wastewater treatment for only
10-20 percent of the community. This will expand the treatment capacity to conform to the sewered area.
48
Install regional conventional water plant to serve Basrah users The Basrah area is currently served by about 15 water treatment plants distributed over a wide area. This would centralize treatment in a regional conventional plant, distributing treated water to the surrounding area.
60
Install regional conventional water plants to replace compact units in areas other than Basrah Compact uinits were meant as an interim measure during the embargo. Conventional plants more reliably serve the community over a longer period of time.
100
Convert Arbil and Kirkuk septage treatment to conventional Once the sewer systems are in place the treatment works can be modified to permit more complete removal of wastes and possible recycling of the wastewaters.
48
Upgrade 45 municipal solid waste disposal systems Sanitary disposal of municipal wastes is limited. This task will develop a standard landfill design and use it where applicable. 72 Rehabilitation of irrigation systems Irrigation and brackish water canals need maintenance and upgrading to minimize contamination of agricultural lands and to minimize transfer of salts to canals and rivers.
60
Treat agricultural brines
Brackish wastes from farms should be collected and treated where agriculture is dense to limit the salt load on the rivers and downstream users.
96
Repair and restoration of additional 7 urban wastewater collection and treatment systems Smaller communitiea either have minimal or no systems. This project will install the sewers and the treatment plant to handle the local wastes.
60
Note: QC - Quality Control; ICA - Instrumentation, control and automation Figure 2.3-9. Unassessed Projects Activities.
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sakjdfha Airports sakjdfha Section 2.4 Power
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports
2.4 Power
One of the basic pillars of an active and vibrant economy is a reliable supply of electric power for residential, commercial, and industrial needs. Although Iraq at one time had almost 10,000 MW of power, it has been reduced to less than half that due to wars, the U.N. embargo, looting after the recent conflict, and poor maintenance and operations. Not only have power plants been affected, but the distribution systems well. Combined, this has resulted in a significant shortage of power throughout the country. At the present time, most areas of the country receive an average of 16 to 18 hours of power each day on an intermittent basis. This same condition existed prior to the conflict. A downstream effect of these problems is a severe deficiency of environmental controls. Air emissions are significant and power plant wastewater treatment is mostly nonexistent, resulting in significant pollution to major waterways.
Bechtel’s assessment efforts have focused on identifying needed repairs, restoration, new generation, and improved operations that would result in maximum increases in overall generation in the shortest time. Our assessment concentration has been on ensuring a reliable power supply to the country, with an emphasis on Baghdad. Figure 2.4-1 shows the existing electrical power system in Iraq.
2.4.1 Existing Conditions
As of June 15, approximately 3,500 MW of power was being produced throughout the country, including 1,000 MW of power from hydroelectric sources that are dependent on water levels in the reservoirs and the Irrigation Ministry’s decision to discharge water. An additional 1,000 MW is expected to return to service over the next 6 months, resulting in approximately 4,500 MW of the 10,000 MW of rated capacity.
Bechtel’s rapid assessments included most of the major power stations in the country as well as the majority of the 400 kV and 132 kV distribution systems and most of the substations in the South Region. Because Baghdad must import between 500 to 1,000 MW from other parts of the country depending on the demand, we placed additional focus on the plants supplying Baghdad and the transmission lines carrying that power.
Destroyed Al Qurnah Substation CPS Substation Bechtel National, Inc. 2.4 -1 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Figure 2.4-1. Electrical Power System in Iraq Bechtel National, Inc. 2.4 -2 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Generating Stations Assessments indicate that the generating stations received little damage during the recent conflict, although many were significantly damaged during the 1991 war. As indicated in Figure 2.4-2, most of the plants are operating well below their rated capacity and are not very reliable, resulting in frequent breakdowns and reductions in output. In general, plants are 10 to 25 years old and have suffered deterioration in excess of what would be expected for plants of similar age. This is due to lack of parts and operating chemicals, poor cooling and boiler water treatment, and the need to run the plants under conditions that rapidly accelerate normal wear and tear (i.e., improper operations and maintenance).
Station Nameplate
Capacity Type Condition Cause Approximate Output MW Baghdad South 355 Steam Unreliable, reduction in generation Maintenance, spare parts, water treatment 160 Doura 640 Steam Reduction in generation Equipment conditions 150 Mussiab 1,200 Steam Reduction in generation Equipment conditions 600 Bayji 1,320 Steam Reduction in generation Equipment conditions 420 Najibiya 200 Steam Reduction in generation Equipment conditions 100 Nasiriyah 820 Steam Unit out of service Outage 400 Hartha 400 Steam One unit available Outage, equipment conditions 110 Doura 150 Gas Reduction in generation Equipment conditions 25 Taji Old 120 Gas Not able to run at full power Equipment failure 60 Najef 189 Gas Reduction in generation Equipment failure 90 Qudus 246 Gas Reduction in generation Equipment failure 200 Dibs 112 Gas Reduction in generation Equipment conditions 50 Mullah Abdullah 445 Gas Reduction in generation Equipment conditions 140 Mosul 200 Gas Not assessed N/A - Khor Zubair 252 Gas Not reliable Equipment conditions 180 Bayji Gas 159 Gas Not reliable Equipment conditions 0 Hadithah 660 Hydro Need further assessment N/A 460 Mosul Main 750 Hydro Reduction in generation Equipment conditions 400 Mosul Pump 240 Hydro Need further assessment N/A - Dokan 400 Hydro Need further assessment N/A - Derbendikhan 166 Hydro Need further assessment N/A - Total 8,660 MW 3,545 MW Figure 2.4-2. Rapid Assessment Results of Major Generating Units Bechtel National, Inc. 2.4 -3 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Transmission Systems The 400 kV and 132 kV transmission system sustained relatively minor damage during the recent conflict. Most of the damage has occurred post-conflict, due primarily to looting. Nevertheless, repairs of the lines have been undertaken by utility crews. As of June 15, there continues to be significant looting of the transmission system in the North and South regions. Figure 2.4-3 shows the status of major sections:
Transmission Line Damage
Baghdad Loop Towers damaged, lines and insulators broken Khor Zubar to Hartha Towers down and damaged, lines broken due to conflict damage, looting, and vandalism Hartha to Al Qurnah Towers down and damaged, lines broken due to conflict damage and looting Al Qurnah to Al Kut Towers down due to ongoing looting and vandalism Kohr Zubar to An Nasiriyah Towers down and damaged, lines broken due to conflict damage Baghdad West to Bayji Towers down and damaged, line broken due to conflict damage Baghdad West to Al Haditha to Bayji Towers down and damaged, lines broken due to conflict damage Figure 2.4-3. Rapid Assessment Results of 400 kV Transmission Lines Substations Substations, which allow distribution of electricity to cities and industries in the north and around Baghdad, suffered limited damage from the conflict and from looting. Substations have been repaired by utility crews using spare parts and are generally back in service. By contrast, substations in the south received minor damage during the conflict, but looting has been extensive and has effectively destroyed 75% of the major substations.
Figure 2.4-4 shows some examples of this damage.
Substation Damage Status
Al Qurnah Destroyed by vandalism and looting Complete replacement required CPS Stations 1 through 10 Destroyed by vandalism and looting Restoration of controls complete Replacement of transformers required Figure 2.4-4. Damage to Southern Substations
2.4.2 Requirements for Restoration of Critical Services Iraqi power utility personnel have done an outstanding job of getting power plants operating. Major emergency problems encountered include lack of operating chemicals and gases, spare parts and tools to work on the equipment, and vendor technical representatives to assist in getting the equipment working properly. Without these items and services, the generating stations are in danger of shutting down, resulting in loss of electricity throughout the country. A sample of these items is shown in Figure 2.4-5.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Emergency Problem Restoration Activity Status Power stations in Baghdad region short of critical spare parts and emergency repair activities for continued operation Procurement of required parts, technical services and replacement equipment In process, some parts and materials delivered, 20% complete Power stations in Baghdad area short of boiler water treatment chemicals required for continuing operation Procurement of emergency chemicals Completed Power stations in southern region short of boiler water treatment chemicals required for continuing operation Procurement of emergency chemicals Completed Hand tools for maintenance of Baghdad station looted Procurement of mechanic’s tool sets Completed Laboratory equipment and chemicals at Hartha station looted Procurement of hand tool sets Procurement in process Lack of power at Umm Qasr grain facility Procurement of 16 generators Installation in progress, equipment shipping No generation supporting opening of Baghdad airport Procurement of 5 MW of generation Installation in progress, equipment shipped Absence of required electrical test equipment Procurement of test equipment In process Failed turbine oil at Hartha station Procurement of replacement oil Job Order Submitted Lack of lubricating oil for Mosul Dam Procurement of lubricating oil Job Order Submitted Combustion turbine operations issues at Taji station Obtain vendor representative Job Order Submitted Figure 2.4-5. Immediate and Emergency Power Needs (as of June 5, 2003)
2.4.3 Needs Assessments
Working with Iraqi power utility personnel, U.S. Army, and USAID personnel, a matrix of power system status and needs has been developed through the end of 2004.
Short-Term
The short-term focus (the next 9 months excluding emergency work) is to improve reliability by replacing or repairing damaged equipment; increasing output through short-term rehabilitation of damaged units, and adding new generation by utilizing small, easily installed units (50 MW and less). In addition, there are several new units ready to operate that were supplied under the U.N. Oil for Food Program that require some troubleshooting and commissioning assistance. Short-term actions are listed in Figure 2.4-6.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Deficiency Action Required Duration of Activity Lack of generation for critical services, with emphasis on Baghdad Purchase of 100 MW of additional generation in sizes from 1 MW to 10 MW
1-2 months
Lack of generation for critical services, with emphasis on Baghdad Purchase of 300 MW of additional generation in sizes from 20 MW to 70 MW
3-6 months
400 kV and 132 kV high voltage transmission lines and towers damaged or destroyed Issue subcontract to Iraq company for repair, supply of required tower and line materials
1-3 months
Reduction in power from existing stations Short-term restoration and rehabilitation 3-6 months Fuel gas skid for Shoubah generating station affecting reliable operation Procurement and installation of replacement skid
1-3 months
Battery and charger at Najibiyah generating station jeopardizing continued operation Procurement of replacement battery and charger
1-3 months
Turbine oil contaminated and 400 kV breaker operation affecting Musayib generating station continuing operation Procurement of replacement oil and breaker parts
1-2 months
Water treatment and wastewater systems not allowing continuing operation of power generating stations Engineering and procurement of replacement water treatment equipment
3-9 months
Heat exchangers at four generating stations preventing full generation Replacentme heat exchangers 3-9 months Main transformer cooling systems on Najibiyah generating station preventing full generation Subcontract for repair and replacement as required
3-6 months
Al Qurnah 400 kV substation totally destroyed, preventing energy supply to 132 kV system Engineering and replacement of all equipment and building
5-9 months depending
on transformer and GIS
availability
Ten CPS substations severely damaged and not operable. Affects operability of oil fields Restoration of control centers and yard insulators, replacement of transformers
3-7 months depending
upon transformer
availability
An Nasiriyah 132 kV substation combat- damaged Replacement of three transformers, weld repair of breakers
3-5 months depending
upon transformer
availability
132 kV substations damaged and partially operable in:
Port area, Al Basrah, and Umm Qasr Al Hillah area Babylon Others Restoration of breakers, insulators, and controls, repair and replacement of transformers
2-5 months
Mullah Abdullah Power Station units damaged Rehabilitate representative units 3-6 months depending on damage Bayji Power Station gas turbines not commissioned (U.N. work) Provide vendor representatives and startup assistance
2-4 months
Doura Thermal Power Station needs overhaul of steam turbine and controls Overhaul turbine and replace controls 6-9 months Figure 2.4-6. Short-term Power Requirements Bechtel National, Inc. 2.4 -6 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Long-Term In the long-term, Iraq needs additional generation to replace damaged and worn-out generating plants and provide for new power demands. There are numerous projects that were funded under the U.N. Oil for Food Program in various stages of development that will provide a portion of the long-term needs. The remaining needs will be satisfied by either rehabilitating older plants or building new ones. For example, the Bayji power station has six units rated at 220 MW for a total of 1,320 MW. Presently, only four units are operating, producing a total of 400 MW. A plan is being considered to develop a standard work package to rehabilitate one unit, which could be used as a template for all units.
Presently there is no uniformity of suppliers for the electricity system as a whole. Consequently, parts and repairs come from many different suppliers using many different codes and standards (and sometimes none at all). A standard plant design based on international codes and standards could be developed to provide a new level of quality to the Iraqi utility that would also allow them to standardize parts and operations. Some of these plants could be built around Baghdad to reduce dependence on the distribution system and others could be built near the source of fuel in the refineries. A standard plant would also allow for a standard operating and maintenance program facilitating easy transfer of personnel to other plants. The 400 kV and 132 kV systems need to be restored and should be upgraded to handle the additional power.
2.4.4 Challenges
The reconstruction of Iraq’s power sector is a long-term effort. One of the biggest challenges is getting the population to accept that that there will be a delay in providing reliable, 24-hour-a-day power. In addition, without security to prevent looting, reconstruction cannot be accomplished. As of this report, widespread looting continues throughout the system where assets are not protected, especially the 400 kV and 132 kV overhead lines. Examples of the impact of looting are shown on the following page. Prioritizing power distribution, to residential, commerce, or industry, needs to be made. In the long run, the power industry needs to establish codes, standards, and a quality level for all new work.
2.4.5 Existing O&M Organization O&M personnel are very skilled, technically competent, and resourceful. They have a strong sense of dedication to their work and continue to keep the generating units operating under difficult conditions.
Because they have operated without the proper equipment, parts, and chemicals, a system-wide operating and maintenance program needs to be developed and retraining should be required for all personnel.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports
2.4.6 Recommendations
The primary focus of the recommendations is to ensure that adequate power is available and reliable in the coming years. The recommendations (Figure 2.4-7) focus on items from emergency repairs to long-term activities and outlines a strategic plan to achieve the power needs of the country.
Emergency Work
Emergency work activities provide immediate restoration of power and improve the reliability of generation and transmission capabilities. For example, supplies of chemicals and gases will allow power plants to continue to operate or immediately come back on line. Vendor technical representatives can correct problems with control systems to ensure that plants operate properly and reliably.
Short-Term Projects
Short-term projects can be implemented within 6 months from Job Order approvaland are focused on correcting deficiencies in equipment so as to add additional generation, improving reliability and stopping the rapid deterioration of plants that are now operating outside of proper operating parameters. This includes improvements to water treatment systems for boiler water and cooling water systems in power plants. It also includes mechanical equipment, such as heat exchangers, fans, and pumps that will increase plant output.
Some substations can be repaired in the short-term to restore distribution and electrical service to the population, petroleum production, and industry. Finally, some new small units (1 to 50 MW) can be placed online to add generation capacity to replace damaged units.
Intermediate-Term
These activities can be accomplished prior to the end of 2004 and include rehabilitating some of the larger power plants to improve output and reliability, replacing destroyed substations, installing new units, and supporting commission units provided under the UNDP program where the contractor did not provide all required materials and services. Basic training for a system-wide program should begin as a start toward standardization of operation and maintenance practices.
Long-Term Projects
These projects will be follow-on rehabilitation of units now operating and would be done after the units undergoing refurbishment are complete. The goal is to bring these units back to their original capability and reliability and keep output as high as possible during the period of refurbishment so that not all units are offline at the same time. These would also include some of the units supplied under UNDP, which will take longer than 18 months to complete, and also provide equipment and commissioning support not provide by the original contractor. Additional small generating units and longer-term substation repair would also be included.
Two additional issues are developing a program for securing generating stations, transmission system, and substations from further looting, and coordinating all work with the oil sector to ensure that they have all the power they need, while ensuring that the power sector has the fuel needed to run its plants.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Unassessed Projects Based on the assessment of most of the major gas turbine and thermal power plants, it is apparent that many units need to be rehabilitated and some may need to be retired. Most plants have been operated in a manner that has degraded the output of the plant and eliminated most environmental controls. A strategic program would include the replacement of older units with new units, addition of new and redundant transmission lines, repair of existing and installation of additional substations, and the installation of environmental controls to improve air and water quality. This plan would form the basis for providing reliable power to the population on a 24-hour basis and address the increased demand for power as the economy improves. This will also include the elimination of heavily polluting small generators currently used as backup generation. This should also include a comprehensive systemwide program for training toward uniform operations and maintenance. Finally, development of a standard plant design for both gas turbine and thermal power plants would significantly improve the overall power system and reduce operating and maintenance costs. It would also set the standards, codes, and quality requirements to be used by Iraq for all future projects in the power industry.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Recommendations Area of Work Actions Required Emergency Short-term Intermediate- Term Long-term Unassessed Scope Emergency work. This includes chemicals, gases, consumables, replacement parts, vendor technical support, tools and other emergency repair items.
Repairs and restoration required to keep power stations operating or immediately come back on line Immediate repair of transmission lines and substations to allow transfer of electricity to Baghdad and other areas with electricity shortages ■ Water and wastewater systems for power plants. Heat exchangers and mechanical equipment are also included. All thermal power plants need some upgrades in their water treatment systems.
Restoration and upgrading of power plant water and wastewater treatment systems to improve output and reduce water pollution Repair and replacement of heat exchangers and other mechanical equipment to increase production and reliability ■ ■ ■ Small generating units from 1 to 10 MW in size Provision of immediate generation needs to support specific activities of short-term benefit such as opening of Baghdad airport and Port of Umm Qasr In the longer term, these small units may be needed to get industrial plants operating until improvements in the power system can be made ■ ■ Medium size generating units from 10 to 50 MW in size Generation to improve supply of electricity to specific locations such as Baghdad. This scope is for the Taji power station and includes 2 new 25 MW units, 2 new 15 MW units, and 2 refurbished 25 MW units In the long term, an additional 200 MW unit could possibly be added ■ ■ Substation restoration and repairs Repair and restoration of substations for distribution of electricity to the population and resumption of critical industry or petroleum production.
Over 20 major substations have been destroyed by looters primarily in the South. The Commission of Electricity is developing a prioritized list of those to be addressed in the short and intermediate time frame.
In the long run, additional substations must be constructed to distribute power from the new plants to be constructed.
Visual aids designed to 1980s standards; paint is faded ■ ■ ■ ■ Figure 2.4-7. Power Sector Recommendations.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Recommendations Area of Work Actions Required Emergency Short-term Intermediate- Term Long-term Unassessed Scope Rehabilitation of generating units Rehabilitation of existing generating units to return them to design capability and reliability. This includes a new control system and rehabilitated steam turbines for Doura units 5 and 6. It also includes a standard rehabilitation package for Baiji Thermal #5 to be used as a template for later rehabilitation of the other 5 units at Baiji Most other major thermal plants will require rehabilitation over the next few years ■ ■ ■ New transmission and distribution Redundant and increased capacity to transmission lines to allow flexibility in distribution New transmission will be required to handle new generation expected in the long run ■ UNDP plants completion Completion of plants started under the UNDP program(s) which require additional equipment and commissioning support Based on inspection of the Doura and Baiji plants, most new UNDP plants will require additional equipment and commissioning assistance ■ ■ New generation, standard plants, 6,000 MW Provision of new units required for 24-hour service to the population, industry and petroleum production To meet the expected demand and replace aging units, an additional 6000MW will be needed over the next 5 years. The standard plant design will incorporate design and construction standards, quality standards, and codes which will form the basis of all future work in Iraq ■ Standardized operations and maintenance training program Establish standard methods of operating and maintaining plants and system equipment ■ Figure 2.4-7. Continued.
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sakjdfha Airports sakjdfha Section 2.5 Rail, Roads, Bridges
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports
2.5 Rail, Roads, and Bridges Bechtel evaluated this sector as two distinct segments: 1) Railways and 2) Roads and Bridges. (Figure 2.5-1) Early assessments have focused on the bridge component of the surface transportation network and rail requirements in the region of Al Basrah and Umm Qasr. Bridge priorities were defined by ORHA (now CPA) while rail assessment priorities were driven by the importance of the rail link at Umm Qasr port to the delivery of humanitarian aid, construction equipment and materials, and future commercial traffic.
Rail assessments included extensive visual assessment by the Bechtel rail team. Additionally, an important element was the involvement of Iraq Republic Railway (IRR) personnel who facilitated track, locomotive, and workshop assessments. IRR officials participated directly in discussions of their needs, the condition of their assets, and their vision for the future of their system. The methodology used to assess the railway include receiving IRR’s priorities, developing WFP and other humanitarian transport needs, obtaining IRR and military records on the railway, and performing selected assessments focusing on problem areas.
Figure 2.5.1. Priority Road, Bridge, and Rail Reconstruction Candidate Projects
2.5.1 Existing Conditions
Roads and Bridges
Initial assessments of the road and bridge network in Iraq revealed the entire system to be deteriorated due to damage from military conflict, neglect, variable and often low quality of construction, and incomplete projects allowed to degrade following abandonment.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports During site visits to affected facilities, Bechtel collected damage reports produced by military units operating around the country, and by various other entities. Bechtel took guidance from a document issued by the U.K.
Ministry of Housing and Construction, listing 49 priority bridges, both highway and rail, which needed to be assessed and potentially reconstructed. (see Appendix) Additionally, Bechtel personnel observed a road system that was seriously deteriorated and incomplete, even along major national highways.
Rail
Prior to the recent conflict, IRR was not providing service equal to its potential, considering the extensive size (2,600 km), huge investment in rolling stock, and significant amount of recently constructed high-quality track.
Based on initial assessments, deteriorated train service can be primarily attributed to a lack of proper maintenance of infrastructure and rolling stock. There seems to have been an adequate quantity of rolling stock, maintenance equipment, spare parts, and Traffic Still Flows Over Dangerously Damaged Bridges materials available, but no adequate plan to deploy these resources to achieve normal running conditions.
Additionally, control of train movements and basic communications over the network was substandard, and published rules governing the safe operation of trains have not been located (see Appendix).
Military personnel state there were very few predetermined railway targets in the conflict. Railway facilities were specifically avoided and overall the damage to IRR facilities in the conflict was minimal and localized.
Nevertheless, UXO has been found in many locations along the railway and inside workshop buildings.
Following the conflict, IRR sustained considerable physical damage through widespread looting and vandalism, resulting in massive losses in the southern and central areas (the northern and western areas have not yet been assessed). Looters also routinely board freight trains and steal from them in transit and when stationary.
Vandalism has resulted in a significant loss of IRR records, smashed and torn up passenger cars, and destroyed electrical control panels in workshops.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports and supervisory standpoint. In this vacuum, the U.K., and subsequently U.S. military took charge in the Port of Umm Qasr to organize and manage the dispatch of one train per day from the port to Baghdad for transport of military supplies (primarily water).
2.5.2 Requirements for Restoration of Critical Services Roads and Bridges As of the date of this report, Bechtel has assessed 33 of the 49 priority bridges initially identified by ORHA/CPA (see Appendix) and has 13 to go. (three have been deleted). One emergency construction project, a road bypass around the dangerous Al Mat highway bridge (see page 2.5.-5) is under-way. Based on these assessments, Bechtel proposes to:
Repair. Where feasible and appropriate, given community needs.
Reconstruct. Where a bridge is so damaged that simple repair is not possible. This is what Bechtel has found at most assessed bridges to date.
Broken Axle Assembly
Build new. Where the bridge is effectively destroyed and reconstruction is not an option, or where the location of the former bridge should be changed due to community needs or technical concerns.
Delete from priority bridge list. Where damage is slight or community or other resources are available to repair/replace.
These decisions will require increasing involvement by local communities and national officials to ensure alignment with the needs of the Iraqi people, and Bechtel is working with CPA to increase the level of Iraqi involvement in decision-making, cost allocation, and day-to-day maintenance of facilities.
Local Involvement. Bechtel has begun developing a relationship with the Ministry of Housing and Construction which will ultimately be responsible for the road and bridge network of Iraq. Efforts are already underway to incorporate more Iraqi decision-making in evaluation and selection of projects to be executed.
Rail
As of the date of this report, Bechtel has assessed the trackage, signaling, and communications systems;
workshops; and rolling stock in Umm Qasar and Al Basrah. Additionally, Bechtel has held meetings with IRR management in Baghdad to review and discuss IRR reconstruction priorities over the entire network.
Based on these assessments, Bechtel proposes to repair, reconstruct, build new facilities, train staff, procure new equipment, and provide management technical assistance to IRR. Bechtel is establishing a close working relationship with IRR who are expected to perform a majority of the work.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Institutional Strengthening. IRR’s ability to manage and operate the system is just as important as managing its infrastructure and rolling stock. Without organized and efficient management, not only will the railway’s potential not be realized, but even minimal reliable and safe service is questionable. To enhance the process of organizing IRR for success, the following issues need to be addressed:
Training in key areas at the management and technical levels: administration, commercial operations, engineering, and maintenance.
Preparation by IRR of a sound business plan, including analysis of potential customer base, projections of resulting future rail traffic potential, assessment of the desired market, a service plan to handle traffic, and rationalization of the network infrastructure (redundancy is a significant issue). Outside assistance in preparation of this plan would be beneficial.
Based on the business plan, an assessment of the management organization and staffing plans.
A comprehensive IRR safety program to be prepared and implemented as a priority.
Implement a mentoring program through which senior expatriate experts experienced in various aspects of railroad operation and maintenance “shadow” their Iraqi counterparts to help them address the challenges of running the railroad efficiently. These resources would then review IRR O&M systems and capability of the railroad authority and recommend a program of improvements.
Contracting. There is adequate capability in Iraq to perform much of the heavy railway construction work needed for restoration, given foreign supervision to ensure quality and schedule performance. Specialty design and construction services, as well as much of the equipment, materials, and spare parts must be imported.
IRR’s capability to perform some portions of restoration and new construction work (including availability of supervisory and skilled labor staff and construction equipment) must be evaluated.
2.5.3 Needs Assessment
Road and Bridge Methodology Road networks span entire regions but bridges constitute the most obvious choke points. Consequently, the Bechtel team focused on bridges as prioritized by CPA during the initial rapid assessment phase. Roads will be considered for short and long-term restoration efforts, including two major road projects: paving of 40 km north of An Nasiriyah and dust control at An Nasiriya, Ad Diwaniyah, and Al Kut.
Bridge assessments began with review of CPA data, which Bechtel supplemented through field inspections and onsite surveys. Data anticipated by the contract as being available from other sources often proved unreliable and not of beneficial use.
Bechtel’s focus on CPA’s priority bridge list has made road and bridge assessments more efficient to manage.
Going forward, the effort should involve greater Iraqi community input to ensure that the most pressing needs are met. Bechtel’s preferred practice is to have Iraqi contractors execute as much of the work as possible.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Specific Bridge and Road Assessments Twelve priority bridges and two roadway projects have been assessed and are considered short-term. These reconstruction projects are described below:
Al Mat Bridge
The Al Mat paired bridge is on Highway 10 from Baghdad to Jordan (a major humanitarian aid and commercial route) near the village of Ar Rutbah. It is a divided highway with twin concrete girder structures over a wadi. The eastbound lanes are impassable due to ordnance damage. The westbound structure is damaged, but vehicles nevertheless cross it in both directions. The bridge is in imminent danger of collapse.
Wadi Highway Bridge
The Wadi Highway Bridge is approximately 2 km from Ar Rutbah on a road heading north. It is a concrete structure over a wadi and was destroyed in the conflict. Traffic is bypassing the structure on a temporary road through the wadi, but, the bypass will be impassible during heavy rains. Consideration should be given to repair before the rainy season.
Highway 10 Bridge
The Highway 10 Bridge crosses Highway 10 approximately 175 km east of Ar Rutbah. The highway is a major traffic route between Baghdad and Jordan and hence a major conduit for humanitarian aid and commercial traffic. This bridge is a single concrete structure with significant ordnance damage. One span that collapsed onto eastbound Highway 10 is blocking the flow of traffic. The span over westbound Highway 10 has been damaged and is partially collapsed: it could fail entirely, which would completely block Highway 10. At present, traffic continues to travel under the damaged westbound lane in a restricted flow, but this is very hazardous. To eliminate this hazard and restore traffic flow, there is a need to demolish this structure, remove the debris, and reinstate both lanes of traffic to full use.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Khazir Bridge The Khazir Bridge is a paired bridge on Highway 2 between Mosul and Arbil (and is critical to the movement of fuel and agricultural products). It is a divided highway with twin concrete structures over the Greater Zab River, carrying two lanes of traffic in each direction.
The northern abutment and first span for both bridges have significant damage and the spans have failed. The failed span on the south structure has been temporarily filled with earth to create a lane for traffic. No bypass can be feasibly constructed. The proposed plan is to phase demolition and reconstruction while maintaining reduced traffic flow.
Al Fathah Highway Bridge
The Al Fathah Highway Bridge is a concrete structure over the Tigris River. It is on a main road outside the town of Bayji and carries traffic in both directions on the single structure. The bridge is crucial to the local community and Iraq’s economy, carrying petroleum pipelines from nearby refineries in addition to road traffic. During the recent conflict, the bridge suffered damage, and petroleum products from ruptured pipelines ignited. The bridge has suffered extensive fire damage and is currently being reassessed. Upon evaluation of the reassessment, Bechtel will make recommendations regarding the bridge’s reconstruction. It may prove inadvisable to include both road and pipelines on the reconstructed bridge.
Tikrit Bridge
The Tikrit Bridge is a concrete structure on a main highway between Tikrit and Tuz Khurmatu in the north. It is an important link in the highway system for aid and commerce over the Tigris and provides local residents with vehicle and pedestrian access. Traffic continues to flow over the bridge on temporary bridges placed across some collapsed spans and by negotiating damaged spans. Collapsed spans fallen into the river may be causing scouring of the piers.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Az Zubadiyah Bridge The Az Zubadiyah Bridge is a pontoon bridge crossing the Tigris.
The bridge has been destroyed with only one section of approach left on each bank. This is an important crossing point in this area, allowing transport of food and other goods from major supply hubs.
Bechtel recommends that the bridge be replaced and the approach roadways on each bank reconstructed.
Aziziyah Bridge
The Azizyah Bridge is a single-lane pontoon bridge over the Tigris, and is an important crossing that provides mobility for local residents and a means of distributing food and goods from major supply hubs.
Early reports indicated this was a dropped pontoon structure, but site inspection revealed that the bridge did not suffer any damage from the conflict. It is, however, in perilous condition from lack of maintenance. The bridge needs urgent repairs to prevent an accident in the short-term. The long-term recommendation is to replace it with a two-lane crossing.
Al Fathah Railroad Bridge
The Al Fathah Railroad Bridge is a single-track structure crossing the Tigris near the town of Bayji. It is an important rail link from Baghdad to northern Iraq. The bridge is a concrete box girder structure with multiple spans. Currently the bridge is out of service to rail traffic with one span collapsed and another span over the river damaged by ordnance. The west abutment also received damage.
UXO has been discovered in the area. Some walkway covers and railings need to be repaired or replaced.
Al Kut Bridge
The Al Kut Bridge has two lanes over the Tigris River near the town of Al Kut and is another important river crossing for local residents, providing vehicle access for moving goods and commerce in the region from major distribution hubs. Early reports described this structure as destroyed. Inspection indicates no recent conflict damage. The bridge does need repairs to prevent further deterioration.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Tuz Khurmatu Bridge The Tuz Khurmatu Bridge is a concrete girder bridge with two lanes crossing a wide body of water. There are 42 spans with very low clearance to water level. Apparently, the waterway is not navigable.
The bridge is part of the highway system that facilitates commerce in the region, along with serving the local community with vehicular traffic across the waterway. Provided reports indicated the bridge had conflict damage, but inspection reveals damage only from wear and neglect.
Ar Rutbah NE Hwy Bridge (formerly Ar Rutbah Village Bridge) The Ar Ruthbah NE Highway Bridge was on the CPA list of damaged structures to be assessed. Although not a high priority, it is in the vicinity of a high priority structure and was assessed in the same trip. It is not an elevated structure, appearing similar to a multiple box culvert section at grade with a roadbed over the top. A job order was ready for submittal, but the bridge was deleted from Bechtel’s scope by CPA on 05/31/03.
Highway 1 Paving Project
Highway 1 is the main North-South route from Kuwait to Baghdad and beyond. It is a two-lane divided asphalt highway 16.5 m in width.
North of An Nasiriyah toward Baghdad, approximately 60 km of the roadway has not been completed (20 km southbound, 40 km northbound). The divided highway lanes are in different stages of completion. Drainage structures and piping must be installed and grading and drainage work performed. Completion of subgrade preparation and paving operations are required. Traffic control, pavement markings, and signage need to be installed.
MC-70 Emulsion Application Project Existing highways in some regions are dirt roads. With the increase of traffic in these areas by military convoys, movement of humanitarian aid, everyday use by local residents, and reconstruction efforts, application of dust control is crucial. Approximately 1.6 million m2 need the emulsion application, and material is available in Baghdad. The three identified areas are An Nasiriyah, Ad Diwaniyah, and Al Kut.
Typical application
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports With 12 bridges and two roadway needs assessed and their costs estimated, the surface transportation team will continue assessments of unvisited bridges while aggressively beginning construction of the approved job orders.
Rail Methodology
Railway assessments take into account the scale of IRR: 2,600 km in length, 200 locomotives, 9,000 cars, and a reported staff of 8,000 to 10,000 employees. Bechtel’s strategy for assessments includes:
Obtaining and reviewing IRR’s priority list of emergency and short-term reconstruction needs and planned future train service Obtaining WFP other humanitarian aid, and general critical railway needs Obtaining railway information and assessments prepared by U.K. and U.S. militaries Obtaining as many relevant records from IRR as possible Performing field surveys in selected areas, with support from IRR Identifying major bridge repair needs for assessment by others Recording operations, maintenance, safety, training, and other institutional needs as assessments progress Preparing job orders based on the assessments Technology Transfer In the course of planning and executing the work, there will be significant opportunities for IRR personnel to receive on-the-job and formal training. As appropriate, Bechtel will maximize IRR involvement at all stages of the work. Iraqi contractors are expected to perform much of the heavy civil works. The work processes used by Bechtel to manage the work will provide a significant transfer of knowledge to both IRR and contractors.
Al Basrah Region Assessment Al Basrah is the southernmost region of IRR. Region headquarters are located in Al Basrah City, the second largest in Iraq. The assessment covered the following areas:
Track. The Port of Umm Qasr is very important to IRR and therefore special attention was given to the port trackage. In the old port area, the track is very old, in poor condition, and is currently unsuitable for reliable operation. The mainline track in the region was reportedly constructed in the early ‘60s and is also in poor condition, with major rehabilitation required to support reliable train operations. Grading for a new mainline adjacent to the existing main was begun prior to the 2003 conflict. An overview of track conditions in the Al Basrah Region is presented in the Appendix. Road and Rail Debris – Umm Qasr Port Bechtel National, Inc. 2.5 -9 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Locomotive and Car Maintenance Facilities. The light running repair facility in the Port of Umm Qasr has been completely looted. In the Al Basrah main station area, the running and medium repair facility has been totally looted and major equipment stripped and vandalized. A photo depiction and narrative illustrating these conditions is presented in the Appendix.
Rolling Stock. Locomotives and cars are exceedingly dirty, looted, and vandalized. No maintenance records have been located.
Signaling and Communications. No evidence of any operational signaling or communication equipment has been found.
Regional Organization. Current management has reported the total Southern Region IRR staff as approximately 1,100 employees, clearly an excessive number.
Safety. From direct observation, no part of the railway can be considered safe in western terms. See Appendix for details.
Plan Forward
For the remaining assessments of physical assets, Bechtel will focus on the mainline track to the northern border with Syria, rolling stock repairs, workshop repair, and western regions. Management assessments will be performed in parallel.
2.5.4 Challenges
Roads and Bridges
Based on our assessments, implementation challenges are as follows:
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Security. Assessment teams and work sites must meet stringent security requirements. These needs, a result of unsettled conditions, add to time, cost, and rework.
Access to Assessment Sites. Remote locations often require lengthy and roundabout travel and pose personal danger to assessment teams.
Contracting Challenges. Bechtel’s approach to executing this work is to engage Iraqi contractors whenever possible. Existing contracting practices, plus standards and language differences, add to the complexities of awarding work.
Rail
Challenges are many and include:
Security. Stemming looting and vandalism, and providing security for IRR train operations and reconstruction contractors.
Operations. Ensuring safe train operations through training, improved equipment, and changes in behavior.Bechtel National, Inc. 2.5 -10
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Work Prioritization. Accessing IRR properties and prioritizing work, considering the size of the IRR network.
Obtaining IRR Records. Recovery of stolen records to assist in locating equipment to complete the assessment process.
Contractor Integration. Facilitating foreign contractors working on IRR-owned properties while maintaining the current train service.
2.5.5 Existing O&M Organization Roads and Bridges National or local institutions provide minimal support under current and near-term conditions. Eventually, such governmental support will emerge; but for now, this issue awaits development of the Iraqi ministerial system.
Rail
Based on preliminary discussions with IRR, it is apparent that the management of the railway was a hierarchal structure and highly centralized in Baghdad.
Additionally, the Ministry of Transport and Communications was actively involved in setting policy and in decision making. Assessment of the 8,000- to 10,000-person organization will be undertaken and recommendations made regarding development of a business plan to address commercial requirements, organizational structure, decentralization of decision making, staffing requirements, and rationalization of the network.
2.5.6 Recommendations
Bechtel’s primary recommendation is to ensure that the essential portions of the national surface transportation infrastructure are restored so they can meet the basic needs of the Iraqi people: emergency distribution of food, fuel, and other essential supplies; and mobility of goods, services, and the population, without which the Iraqi economy cannot function.
Restoration requirements for rail, roads, and bridges have been broken down into five categories:
Emergency – Projects that address unsafe conditions at key control points of the surface transportation network, and which hinder the transport of food and relief supplies to the Iraqi people. These include:
− A bypass road for the heavily damaged (but still in-use) Al Mat Bridge, which has been approved by USAID and is under construction − Demolition and clearing of the Highway 10 Overpass, approximately 175 miles east of the Al Mat Bridge bypass. The overpass is in danger of collapse, which could cause closure of Highway 10 – the major route between Amman and Baghdad. This project has also been approved by USAID for implementation − Spare parts for grain hopper cars Bechtel National, Inc. 2.5 -11 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Short-Term – High priority projects that can be completed within 6 months of receiving an approved Job Order. These have been selected from among the candidates identified on OCPA’s priority listing and from assessments provided by military and other observers. They are:
− Highest priority vehicle bridges: Al Fathah highway, Khazir River, and 14 July bridges − Other prioritized bridges: Old Diyala, Al Muthana, Wadi Hawran,, Al Taji, Aziziyah, Al Kut, and Az Zubaydiyah highway bridges − Road projects: Application of MC-70 emulsion to roadways in An Nasiriyah, Ad Diwaniyah, and Al Kut for dust control Intermediate Term – Other high priority projects that can be completed between 6 months from Job Order award and the end of 2004:
− Vehicle bridges: Al Mat (reconstruction), Tikrit, New Diyala, Al Musayyib, Chabbab − Rail bridge: Al Fathah Rail Bridge − Rail projects: Track rehabilitation from the Port of Umm Qasr to Shuiaba Junction (56 km north), repair of Iraq Republic Railway (IRR) maintenance of way equipment, IRR training, track rehabilitation at various locations between Baghdad and Mosul, workshop repair, and rolling stock rebuilding Long-Term – Reconstruction or restoration projects identified during the assessment period as being necessary to helping Iraq establish reliable, efficient transportation links, but completion of which will extend beyond December 31, 2004:
− Bridges: Kiffel, Suwaira (aka Sarabadi), Tuz Kurmatu, Ar Rumaylah, An Numaniyah, Highway 10 Overpass (reconstruction), Al Muwaffaqiyah, Ash Shamiyah, Wadi Hawran Highway North, and Gap North of An Nasiriyah bridges − Road projects: Completion of Highway 1 north of An Nasiriyah (a 40 km stretch of roadway) − Rail projects: Complete construction of new track from Al Basrah to Mosul, rebuilding passenger coaches, and installing signaling and telecommunications systems over the entire network Unassessed Projects – Other bridges (including some on CPA’s priority bridge list), roads, and rail infrastructure projects that have not been physically assessed during the rapid assessment phase, but have been evaluated based on Bechtel’s understanding of the Iraqi surface transportation network as an integrated system. Bechtel recommends that these additional surface transportation needs be addressed as part of a national program with a high level of Iraqi official and community involvement, and include substantial institutional strengthening components.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Appendices Included in the Appendix are the following:
CPA Bridge Priority Spreadsheet Railway Track Near Al Basrah Railway Running Sheds and Workshops Near Al Basrah Railway Safety Bechtel National, Inc. 2.5 -13 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
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sakjdfha Airports sakjdfha Section 2.6 Buildings and Facilities
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports
2.6 Buildings
The building and facilities team is focused on field assessments and establishing a process to ensure the public health and education needs of the Iraq population are met. The large number of facilities to be assessed necessitated the establishment of a methodology to gather data and facilitate prioritization of critical needs. As the overview assessments progressed, the team quickly determined the most effective methodology to complete the detailed assessments would be to use contractors to conduct the detailed assessments based on criteria established by Bechtel.
Accomplishments to date include the following:
Preparation of a preliminary database of schools and clinics from best available data Completion of assessment checklists to be used in physical inspection of buildings Field visits to representative schools and clinics, and performance of preliminary inspection in anticipation of engaging a contractor for more detailed assessment Establishment of working relationship with USAID, CPA regional representatives, other U.S. and U.K. organizations (including military), and other USAID contractors USAID has directed that the immediate focus be on primary and secondary schools and clinics throughout the country, and selected police and fire stations in Baghdad. In the health sector, USAID and Iraqi health sector officials have directed an initial focus on clinics rather than hospitals. Few clinics are currently operational, resulting in overcrowded hospitals.
In response to USAID’s direction, Bechtel’s proposed assessments and rehabilitation work is shown in Figure 2.6-1.
Population Target Assessments Target Immediate Rehabilitation Northern Region (Mosul, Arbil, and Kirkuk) 2,000,000 600 150 Metropolitan Baghdad 7,000,000 1,830 695 Heartland Region (Al Hillah, An Najaf, Ad Diwaniyah, Al Kut, and Karbala) 2,260,000 800 200 Southern Region (Al Basrah, Al Nasiryah, and Al Qurnah) 2,530,000 850 300 Total 4,080 1,345 Figure 2.6-1. Proposed Assessments and Rehabilitation Work Bechtel National, Inc. 2.6 -1
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports To undertake this large a program in such a broad geographic area, Bechtel will deploy to four regions around the country (Figure 2.6-2). Accordingly, regional teams are being dispatched to Al Basrah, Al Hillal, and Mosul, in addition to Baghdad, and each will include engineers and construction supervisors under the direction of an area manager.
North
North
Central
Central
Heartland
Heartland
South
South
Legend
Legend
Assessment cities
Assessment cities
Figure 2.6-2. Four Regions of Deployment Bechtel National, Inc. 2.6 -2
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2.6.1 Existing Conditions
Physical Conditions
Preliminary reconnaissance suggests that, in general, schools and clinics are sound and require little structural repair to make them fully functional. However, decades of maintenance neglect and deterioration, coupled with looting and vandalism, have resulted in architectural, electrical, and plumbing systems in need of significant rehabilitation. The following are typical conditions identified during a preliminary inspection of selected facilities;
these are likely to be representative of such schools and clinics elsewhere in the country:
Broken glass (often including missing frames) in most windows Missing, damaged, and deteriorating door frames, doors, and hardware for most doors Damaged security gates Heavily damaged and deteriorated electrical service Missing and nonfunctioning electrical fixtures, including fans, lights, and outlets Heavily damaged and deteriorated toilet systems, including clogged drains and sewers Damage to wall and ceiling surfaces Damage to exterior building surfaces Damage to floor tile Damage to roofing and roof drainage systems School Interior Large amounts of dirt and debris Missing air conditioners Although the above list identifies conditions that may be found at most schools and clinics in Iraq, the specific work and level of effort for each facility will not be fully known until an onsite assessment has been completed.
Existing Organizations Involved in School Assessment and Rehabilitation There are many organizations addressing school and health facility issues in Iraq (Figure 2.6-3). Although Bechtel’s scope and budget is the largest, other entities, public and private, have mobilized and in some cases have already completed assessment and rehabilitation of facilities.
The key entities or stakeholders include the following:
CPA – through the establishment of acting ministers of education and health, and the appointment of regional representatives who have been deployed to the governate or local level Bechtel National, Inc. 2.6 -3
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Stakeholders in the Education and Health Fields Stakeholders in the Education and Health Fields
• Education and Health ministries
• Education and Health ministries
• Regional and local
• Regional and local
representatives of those
representatives of those
ministries (e.g., Regional ministries (e.g., Regional education offices education offices
•Acting ministry heads
•Acting ministry heads
• Regional representatives
• Regional representatives Iraqi Iraqi authorities OCPA authorities OCPA
• UN Agencies (UNICEF,
• UN Agencies (UNICEF,
WHO, other)
WHO, other)
• NGOs
• NGOs
International
International
organizations
organizations
and NGOs
and NGOs
Coalition
Coalition
agencies
agencies
and their
and their
contractors
contractors
• U.S. and U.K. military
• U.S. and U.K. military
• USAID and contractors
• USAID and contractors
• Other coalition countries
• Other coalition countries Figure 2.6-3. Education and Health Field Stakeholders The Humanitarian Assistance Coordination Center, the Civil-Military Operations Center (CMOC), the Civil Affairs units of the U.S. and U.K. military, and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which has identified facilities in need of repair Other USAID contractors addressing education and health issues include Creative Associates (for schools), Abt Associates (for health), and IBT (for institutional strengthening) International organizations, such as UNICEF, World Health Organization (WHO), UNDP, and other agencies of the United Nations NGOs, which are already established in key cities and have identified potential projects. Key NGOs include Save the Children, Medicins sans Frontieres, International Red Cross, and the International Medical Corps.
Many of these agencies have been holding weekly coordinating meetings, often in coordination with local U.N. representatives.
Condition of Public and Local Authorities Responsible for Education and Health Education and health authorities, like many other agencies of the post-conflict Iraqi government, are in transition, and it is often difficult to identify who is in charge and their institutional capabilities.
Reconnaissance efforts to date (primarily in Al Basrah and Baghdad) have identified the presence of regional education authorities, typically staffed by holdovers from the former regional offices of the ministry, and regional health boards, also staffed by selected personnel from what exists of the ministry.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Both types of organizations, like other official Iraqi departments, are today closely linked to counterparts at CPA;
and their budgets and authority are guided by the latter.
2.6.2 Requirements for Restoration of Critical Services Bechtel is determining the requirements for specific action to restore critical services to schools and clinics in major areas of Iraq through a five-part process.
1. Determining the Totality of Schools and Clinics The total number of schools and clinics within specified areas of Iraq will be identified and quantified through the compilation of an inventory of existing facilities. This inventory will be based on information provided by applicable ministries, local authorities, and other appropriate agencies with input from local officials. Figure
2.6-4 presents an example of the type of inventory that is needed for schools and clinics.
Figure 2.6-5 shows a neighborhood in Al Basrah and is representative of typical school environments in Iraq.
Schools are scattered throughout Al Basrah, requiring an assessment process that accommodates multiple site visits in a short period of time.
Database Template
Proposed structure of a database Bechtel recommends for joint use by all stakeholders Data Fields School Region/City Unique ID code School name Coordinates School Type (P/S) School gender (M/F) Number of students Preassessment observations Work by other (what and who?) Figure 2.6-5. Representative Map of Schools in Al Basrah School contact (for access) Remarks Figure 2.6-4. Proposed Database Template for Assessment Activities Bechtel National, Inc. 2.6 -5
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2. Prioritization of Selected Facilities for Field Assessment (with input from USAID, CPA, and NGOs) Bechtel will establish and apply screening criteria to determine which facilities in the inventory qualify as candidates for assessment and further evaluation for facility restoration. The screened list of selected candidates for restoration will be prioritized for the field assessment program with input from USAID, CPA, NGOs, and other appropriate agencies. Many of these assessed facilities will be candidates for an emergency rehabilitation program that will speed the repair process, meet completion deadlines, and keep costs low.
This approach has the additional benefit of maximizing the immediate impact to the largest possible population.
Figure 2.6-6 illustrates the emergency facility rehabilitation program.
Exterior of School Building The emphasis will be on emergency rehabilitation, which is defined as work that can be accomplished in 2 to 4 weeks per facility for approximately 1,500 hours by an Iraqi contractor. Bechtel’s preliminary conclusion is that many of Iraq’s schools and clinics meet the criteria: buildings that are dilapidated from neglect and vandalism, but which have no fundamental structural flaws that would inhibit relatively quick repairs.
Emergency Facility Rehabilitation Program Thorough cleanup of the building interior and exterior Repair and replace windows and doors Upgrade electrical wiring and fuse panels Replace lighting and fans Repair restroom water and drainage systems Internal and external painting In selected cases, minor structural repairs (such as sister columns and beams) Figure 2.6-6. Emergency Facility Rehabilitation Program Bechtel National, Inc. 2.6 -6
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3. Assessing Iraqi Engineering and Construction Capabilities In parallel with establishing the proceeding facility inventory, Bechtel will initiate a significant program to identify and screen in-country engineering and construction contractors. By utilizing established screening and assessment practices, contractors will be evaluated expeditiously and a list of qualified bidders established to compete for applicable scopes of work as job orders are released. In addition to direct submittals from contractor candidates, nominations, based on recent experience, will be accepted from other organizations involved in reconstruction activity.
4. Physical Assessment of Buildings Bechtel will award contracts to perform the physical assessment of selected facilities, identifying and quantifying the physical conditions of schools and clinics throughout the selected areas of Iraq.
Contractors will identify required work to be performed using assessment lists developed by Bechtel and modified to address the specific facilities and conditions that are expected to be encountered in the schools and clinics program in Iraq.
5. Scoping of Work for Rehabilitation Projects The emphasis will be on emergency rehabilitation, which was previously described.
Debris and Building Waste in School Yard Bechtel National, Inc. 2.6 -7
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2.6.3 Needs Assessment
The assessment of schools and clinics poses certain challenges that may be different from other elements of Bechtel’s program. The sheer number of facilities to be assessed requires a different approach. The fundamental differences are:
Greater emphasis is needed on initial intelligence gathering about the facilities (i.e., How many?
Where are they? What others organizations are already engaged in some sort of assessment and rehabilitations?).
Establishing a process whereby the fundamental assessment of these facilities will be done by local contractors. Bechtel's role is in identifying qualified Iraqi contractors and supervising their work.
To meet these assessment needs, Bechtel has accomplished the following in the past month:
Participated in sector workshops with CPA and military civil affairs officials, donor agencies, NGO’s, and other stakeholders to understand the scope of the assessment being done by others.
Scoped an emergency rehabilitation program for the facilities identified in the assessments.
Prepared prequalification documents and requests for proposals for expanded field assessment, construction supervision, and emergency rehabilitation work to be done by Iraqi engineers and contractors.
Began assessment of Iraqi contractor availability and capabilities, including meeting with the Federation of General Contractors in Baghdad, reviewing CMOC experience with contractors in Al Basrah, and compiling preliminary lists of available contractors.
Bechtel has deployed its assessment teams to Al Basrah and Baghdad and is continuing the above activities in the field. Progress is being closely monitored – and will be reported to USAID – and adjustments in the assessment program will be proposed if circumstances warrant.
2.6.4 Challenges
The assessment team faces the following challenges:
Operating without a single database or inventory of facilities for each geographic region.
Undertaking an unusually large number of projects in a short period of time (assessing 4,000 schools and rehabilitating 1,400 over a 3- to 4-month period).
Engaging and mobilizing a large number of Iraqi contractors with an aggressive completion schedule.
Facing major security obstacles to reaching the sheer volume of facilities to be assessed. Several thousand facilities need to be assessed, taxing the logistical capabilities of the assessment team.
Working without traditional public authorities (from ministries to local school boards and health organizations) providing information and suggesting priorities for action.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Assessment and rehabilitation work Assessment and rehabilitation work Arranging for pre and postconstruction security at the individual sites.
Developing an effective working relationship with an unusually large number of stakeholders (including many NGOs) and securing agreements on priorities and complementary roles and responsibilities.
Scheduling the school rehabilitation work (Figure 2.6-7) in a way that has the least impact on school operations (the window of available time for construction may be limited because of examinations).
June July August September June July August September Schools Schools in in Session Session Only partial access possible in Only partial access possible in This is the only period with This is the only period with Schools must be completed by Schools must be completed by this time because of school this time because of school unimpeded access unimpeded access new school term in September new school term in September exams exams Figure 2.6-7. Scheduling Challenges for School Rehabilitation2.6.5 Existing O&M Organization Existing O&M organizations (schools boards and health agencies) have not yet been fully reestablished. Although individuals claim to hold titles of responsibility, the positions change frequently, there are no budgets (most people are not even being paid), and there appear to be no facilities for O&M functionssuch as department buildingsother than the schools and clinics themselves. Bechtel has been seeking out representatives of the relevant ministries and organizations to explain the mission and program and secure their buy-in. Being aware, however, of the volatility to date of these management organizations (and of the individuals themselves), the team endeavors to develop and maintain working relations and understandings with parallel organizations, most notably the acting educational and health coordinators being provided by CPA, and with the officials in the coalition military units responsible for schools and health facilities.
An additional O&M issue concerns security in the postconstruction period. Virtually all officials agree that security must be in place once the rehabilitation work is complete. They acknowledge that most facilities would be looted almost immediately unless a security presence is established at each site.
The school and clinic program cannot proceed successfully without a parallel program of institutional strengthening. Efforts in institutional building must be accelerated to establish local schools and health officials with authority to make decisions on priorities and with sufficient budgets to ensure postconstruction security, as well as general operations and maintenance.
2.6.6 Recommendations
Bechtel’s main recommendation is to rehabilitate quickly a large number of school buildings and clinics in dense population centers in Iraq. A comprehensive rehabilitation program for schools can bring immediate and long- term benefits to large numbers of Iraqi people by ensuring the viability of their primary and secondary education Bechtel National, Inc. 2.6 -9
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports system. Rehabilitation of clinics to acceptable industry standards will improve access to basic health care by alleviating operational pressures and overflow of patients currently encountered by large hospitals. As this rehabilitation program nears completion, the focus should shift to include referral hospitals in each major city, followed by the repair of as many general hospitals as funding would allow. In addition, in order to “stand up” the Ministries of Health and Education, repairs, upgrades, or reconstruction of these key government buildings will be required in each major city in Iraq.
The following recommendations are the results of Bechtel’s assessment process, which includes consultations with representatives of USAID, the Ministries of Education and Health, UNICEF, concerned NGO’s, other USAID contractors, and the US Military. These recommendations have been prioritized into five categories as follows:
Emergency – projects that require an immediate start to meet urgent humanitarian needs.
Short-term – projects that can be completed within 6 months of Job Order approval.
Intermediate-term – projects that can be completed between 6 months from Job Order approval and the end of 2004.
Long-term – projects that have been identified through the current assessment process but with a completion date beyond 2004.
Unassessed projects – these are strategic projects within our contract assessment scope but which physical assessments have not been carried out by Bechtel teams. The need for such projects is determined from experience drawn from related assessments that Bechtel has performed and guidance from USAID experts in the health and educational sector.
Emergency Projects
Bechtel recommends immediate rehabilitation efforts should be targeted towards schools and clinics as well as selected police and fire stations for maximum immediate impact for the lowest cost in selected population centers. This can be accomplished by selecting facilities that are dilapidated through neglect and vandalism, but which have no fundamental structural flaw. This immediate rehabilitation program has been approved by USAID and Bechtel has commenced work already. Bechtel anticipates approximately 600 schools will be completed by the beginning of this school year and another 700 schools and clinics, plus a limited number of police and fire stations, will be completed near the end of October 2003.
Short and Intermediate-term Projects Bechtel’s short and intermediate recommendation is to continue with the rehabilitation criteria established in the emergency phase but expand the program to include an additional 1600 schools and clinics, followed by an additional 3000 facilities in the final phase. Using this phased approach, Bechtel expects the rehabilitation program of schools and clinics to be completed by December 2004 with approximately 6000 facilities rehabilitated.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Long-term Projects To support USAID’s goal of fulfilling the basic health needs of the Iraqi population, Bechtel recommends repair or rehabilitation of existing referral hospitals in each major city. This work will establish the infrastructure needed to support advanced medical and surgical services for critical cases. Identification of target facilities should be balanced between reaching as many people as possible in the shortest period of time and specific requirements in each region. Stakeholders, including USAID, international health organizations, donors, and local health officials should be involved in the prioritization, final selection, as well as execution planning of each facility.
Unassessed Projects
The objectives of these projects are to support the development of a functional and self-sufficient health and educational infrastructure in Iraq. These projects would focus on repairing and rehabilitating a large number of general hospitals in addition to repair or reconstruction of Ministry of Health buildings as well as Ministry of Education facilities in major cities.
A summary of Bechtel’s recommendations is listed in figure 2.6-8 below.
Recommendations
Location Required Actions Emergency Short-term Intermediate- term Long-term Unassessed At approximately 6,000 facilities in cities across all regions of the country Assessments of schools and clinics, and selected police stations and fire stations, to identify those most amenable to immediate repairs.
Repair and/or reconstruction of facilities to pre-conflict conditions.
Approximately 6,000 facilities will be covered by this program in three phases: 1,350 in 12 cities in the emergency phase, 1,600 in other cities in the short-term, and an additional 3,050 in remaining cities by the end of 2004.
■ ■ ■
Across 12 cities:
Baghdad, Al Basrah,
Al Nasiriyah, Al
Qurnah, Al Hillah, An
Najaf, Al Diwaniyah,
Al Kut, Karbala,
Mosul. Arbil, Kirkuk
Repair, rehabilitate, or upgrade 1 referral hospital in each city (12 total).
Non-structural rehabilitation will be carried out, and may include painting and repairs and/or upgrades t windows lighting, electrical wiring, and plumbing and HVAC systems.
■
At population centers
across the country
Repair or upgrade up to 100 general hospitals. Cost assumes approximately 120 beds and each hospital at $1,500 per bed.
■
Figure 2.6-8. Recommendations for Buildings and Facilities Bechtel National, Inc. 2.6 -11
2.6_Buildings.doc 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Section 2 – Section Reports Recommendations Location Required Actions Emergency Short-term Intermediate- term Long-term Unassessed In six cities: Baghdad, Al Basrah, Al Nasiriyah, Al Hillah, An Najaf, and Mosul Repair, upgrade, or reconstruct Ministry of Education buildings. Cost is estimated parametrically by assuming 20,000 m2 per building in Baghdad, Al Basrah, and Mosul, and 15,000 m2 per building in the other cities ■ In six cities: Baghdad, Al Basrah, Al Nasiriyah, Al Hillah, An Najaf, and Mosul Repair, upgrade, or reconstruct Ministry of Health buildings. Cost is estimated parametrically by assuming 20,000 m2 per building in Baghdad and 15,000 m2 per building in the other cities.
■
Figure 2.6-8. Continued.
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sakjdfha Airports sakjdfha Section 3 Challenges & Recommendations
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Program Challenges & Recommendations
3.1 Overall Program Challenges The Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program faces unprecedented programwide challenges. Among these are:
Security and Access. The need to provide for the secure transport of assessment teams, as well as protection from ongoing looting and vandalism of jobsites and completed projects, will add substantially to the cost of repairs originally anticipated when the reconstruction program was conceived. Without adequate protection of facilities, looting and vandalism occurs unchecked and undoes the work just completed.
UXO. The presence of UXO hazards in most areas of the country slows down and increases the cost of reconstruction across all infrastructure sectors. Some areas have not been declared cleared by the military and must undergo extensive investigation prior to beginning work.
Contracting Strategy. Strict adherence to international standards for contractor selection and accountability, recognition of sanctions and embargoes, contract term flow down requirements, plus differences in industry standards, payment mechanisms, and language barriers, will pose difficulties to local contractors. Adjustments must be made to successfully engage Iraqi contractors.
Integration of Activities Among Diverse Participants. The success of the program is dependent on the effective integration of diverse stakeholders, including USAID and other U.S. government entities, coalition forces, NGOs, Iraqi leaders, and local communities, all of whom may bring different cultural, language, and organizational characteristics.
Access to Information. Obtaining quality information has been more difficult than anticipated.
Information about infrastructure sectors has been less reliable and/or available than planned.
To meet the challenges outlined above, Bechtel recommends focusing on the following key requirements:
Integrated Systems Approach. Whenever possible, infrastructure segments must be addressed as systems and not just specific pieces. Power, water, airports, rail, and the port are all integrated systems and each has to be understood as critical components of an overall infrastructure network to arrive at the most economic and effective implementation plan.
Alignment with USAID Priorities. Emergency restoration of the port, airport, and power services, as well as the repair of water and waste management facilities, roads, bridges, rail, and buildings must be sequenced to align with priorities established by USAID.
Addressing Short-, Intermediate-, and Long-Term Needs. The plan forward must assign priorities in a comprehensive manner. It must be sensitive to the humanitarian mission of the program and Bechtel’s responsibility to control the expenditure of funds on the program.
Use of Iraqi Contractors. Innovative ways must be found to make maximum use of Iraqi subcontractors and entities. Engineering and construction skills do exist in the contracting sector and ex-ministerial, now parastatal, companies have the experience and skills necessary to do much of the work to good standards.
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3.1_Program Challenges.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Program Challenges & Recommendations
3.2 Sector Recommendations The following summaries are the result of Bechtel’s assessments of the six primary infrastructure sectors.
Bechtel will develop estimated costs at a Rough Order of Magnitude level for these reconstruction activities, which will be increasingly refined as work is approved and, following joint USAID-Bechtel agreement on an overarching set of priorities, carried out.
Port of Umm Qasr Sector
A prerequisite for the effective operation of the port is a safe navigation route that can accommodate large ocean-going vessels. Bechtel recommends dredging the new port to a minimum depth of 12.5 meters. A bathymetric survey of the channel from Umm Qasr to the Arabian Gulf is currently being carried out and a recommendation on dredging of the channel will be made by July 7. In parallel, a phased approach should be put in place to rehabilitate essential port infrastructure to meet requirements recommended by Stevedoring Services of America, USAID’s port operations contractor and to meet International Maritime Organization standards and requirements.
Airport Sector
Baghdad International Airport is to open by mid-July 2003 to limited commercial flights providing passenger services and operating under daytime Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) – this is the first level of reconstruction project operations The second level is to continue to expand the level of service at Terminal C at Baghdad International Airport and to add services to handle regularly scheduled airline flights serving passengers under daytime VMC conditions. Once Baghdad airport is open, the repair work to open Basrah airport for limited commercial operations will begin, replicating the process used to open Baghdad.
The third level is to expand capability of Baghdad and Basrah international airports to serve scheduled airline passenger and cargo flights under daytime and nighttime Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC).
Once IMC for daytime and nighttime operations are achieved at Baghdad and Basrah international airports, our recommendation is to expand the Iraq airport infrastructure at these facilities to continue to improve the level of service. Continued improvements in the ATC system for Iraq include better en route surveillance and control using MSSR radar and VOR/OME navigation aids.
Water, Waste Management, and Irrigation Sector An integrated approach must be taken to address the challenge of supply and distribution of potable water to the Iraqi population. Water treatment facilities in the southern area must be rehabilitated to be much more effective in removing contaminants from the water. Wastewater treatment in the central area (from Baghdad south to Al Samawah) must, as a minimum, lessen the pollutant load from raw wastewater to the river.
These projects should move forward as quickly as possible. Once under way, the program should refocus on rehabilitating water treatment systems in the Central Region and wastewater treatment in the North.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Program Challenges & Recommendations The Sweetwater Canal is another area of concern as it is the only source of potable water for the population in the Basrah area. It requires dredging and general maintenance of pump stations and the canal gates.
Power Sector
The power system in Iraq includes multiple interrelated parts, none of which can stand alone. Bechtel recommends emergency actions be taken to address immediate power needs at population centers, but also that a longer-term program be put in place to increase generation capacity and restore transmission lines and substations to support local distribution of petroleum and other industrial production.
Rail, Roads, and Bridges
Bechtel recommends focusing rehabilitation work on major artery bridges as key control points along the country’s land transport network. Development of the implementation plan should be guided by USAID priorities. For the railways, minimal rehabilitation should be carried out, primarily in the south, to facilitate food movement. Longer-term objectives should be the provision of an operational fleet of 75 locomotives and 1,000 specialty freight and passenger cars, a reliable train movement control system, and institutional strengthening to develop modern management systems throughout the country’s rail system.
Buildings Sector
Bechtel recommends the use of Iraqi subcontractors to conduct detailed assessments based on criteria established by Bechtel. Emergency rehabilitation should focus on the repair of buildings that are dilapidated through neglect and vandalism, but which have no fundamental structural flaws. It is Bechtel’s preliminary conclusion that many of Iraq’s schools and clinics meet such a criterion. This approach will enable the beneficial impact of rehabilitation work to reach large populations in an expeditious and cost-effective manner. Over time, this strategy can be replicated at as many population centers as funding allows. Repair or rehabilitation of remaining schools and hospitals, and selected Ministry of Heath and Ministry of Education buildings, will be a longer-term objective.
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sakjdfha Airports sakjdfha Appendices
sakjdfha Airports sakjdfha Airports
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports Bechtel’s airport assessment teams prepared a number of discipline-specific checklists that are used to record and organize data gathered in the field. The following is one such example. These checklists ensure a consistent approach is applied in the evaluation of existing conditions. By utilizing a uniform methodology, our teams are able to rapidly complete their assessments.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports Iraqi Airports Assessment Bechtel National, Inc.
Airport
System Surveyed Airport Systems Surveyed By _____________ Date ___/____/______ Mm /dd/ yyyy Main System Resp. Person Sys.
No. Checklist Descriptions AIMS LMS 1 Building Management and Control System (BMCS) AIMS LMS 2 Business and Finance Systems (BFS) AIMS LMS 3 Common Use Terminal Equipment (CUTE) AIMS LMS 4 Gate Management System (GMS) AIMS LMS 5 Local Boarding Application (LBA) AIMS LMS 6 Master Clock System (MCS) AIMS LMS 7 Multi-Use Flight Information System (MUFIDS) AIMS LMS 8 Parking Structure Systems (PSS) AIMS LMS 9 Property Management System (PMS) AIMS LMS 10 Ticket Counters (TC) & Gate Podiums (GP) COMMS LMS 11 COMM Cabling System COMMS LMS 12 Comm Rooms & Closets (CR&C) COMMS LMS 13 Local Area Network (LAN) &IMOs COMMS LMS 14 Phone System (PS) COMMS LMS 15 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Government LMS 16 Government Systems (GS) TSA, FAA, Customs, Agriculture, DEA SEC&SAFETY LMS 17 800 Megahertz Radio System (800MRS) SEC&SAFETY LMS 18 Access Control System (ACS) SEC&SAFETY LMS 19 Checkpoint Equipment System (CES) SEC&SAFETY LMS 20 Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) SEC&SAFETY LMS 21 Explosives Detection System (EDS) SEC&SAFETY LMS 22 Fire Alarm and Control System (FACS) SEC&SAFETY LMS 23 Operation Control Center (OCC) SEC&SAFETY LMS 24 Personnel X-Ray System (PXS) SEC&SAFETY LMS 25 Public Address (PA) SEC&SAFETY LMS 26 Security Badging System (SBS) SEC&SAFETY LMS 27 Trace Detection System (TDS) SYSTEMS/AIRLINE LMS 28 Airline Operations Systems (AOS) General Description Systems consists of communications network, server(s), application software, workstations with display devices, remote controllers, and end devices providing control, sensor, displays, visual, and audible alarms or indications.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports General Airport Systems Condition ٱ Totally Damaged Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not ٱ Not Critical ٱ Intermediate ٱ Critical ٱ Urgent ٱ Remedial Priority Future ٱ Other, specify:
ٱ ANSI ٱ AWWA ٱ NEC ٱ NFPA ٱ API ٱ Governing Codes NPC ٱ NBC ٱ Other; Specify:
Available Documents
Plans
Specs _________________________________________________ Misc Data ____ Photos Sketches ____ General Notes System, Subsystems, or Components System 1 Building Management and Control System (BMCS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____remote controllers :____________________________________________ _____end devices providing control :____________________________________________ _____sensor :____________________________________________ _____displays :____________________________________________ _____visual and audible alarms :____________________________________________ Bechtel National, Inc. A 3 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports _________ Mechanical ٱ _____H&R Chiller, Pumps & Cooling Towers _________________________________ _____Air Handling Units _________________________________ _____Relief Air Fans _________________________________ _____Exhaust Air Fans _________________________________ _____Pumps _________________________________ _____Terminal Units (FP & VAV boxes) _________________________________ _____Hydronic Flow, Temperature and Pressure _________________________________ _____Air Flow, Temperature and Pressure _________________________________ _____Natural Gas Metering _________________________________ _________ Plumbing ٱ _____Booster Pump _________________________________ _____Recirculation Pumps _________________________________ _____Water Heaters _________________________________ _____Water Metering (Tenant) _________________________________ _____Landscape Irrigation System _________________________________ _________ Fire Protection & Alarm ٱ _____Fire Pumps _________________________________ _____Zone Control Valves _________________________________ _____Supervisory Values/Tamper Switches _________________________________ _____Pre-Action Value Controller _________________________________ _____FM 200 Control Panels _________________________________ _____Heat & Smoke Detectors _________________________________ _________ Electrical ٱ _____Emergency Generator _________________________________ _____Fuel Tank _________________________________ _____Switchgear _________________________________ _____Switchgear Emergency Power ATS _________________________________ _____Metering (Tenant) _________________________________ _____Lighting Control Panel _________________________________ _________ Natural Gas ٱ _____Pressure _________________________________ _____Metering _________________________________ _________ Telecommunications ٱ _____Communications Rooms Temperature _________________________________ _____Communications Rooms Power _________________________________ _____Equipment _________________________________ _____Core and Edge Switches _________________________________ _____Public Address Systems _________________________________ _________ Security Checkpoint ٱ _____Duress Alarms _________________________________ _____EDS Bag Rejections _________________________________ Bechtel National, Inc. A 4 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
Notes
System 2 Business and Finance Systems (BFS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____printers :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
Notes
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports System 3 Common Use Terminal Equipment (CUTE) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____printers :____________________________________________ _____readers :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
Notes
System 4 Gate Management System (GMS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____printers :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports Sketches/ Photos Notes System 5 Local Boarding Application (LBA) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____printers :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions ٱ Discard ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Remedial Actions Repair ٱ Recondition ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ None ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
Notes
System 6 Master Clock System Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Bechtel National, Inc. A 7 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
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System 7 Multi-Use Flight Information System (MUFIDS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____FIDS :____________________________________________ _____BIDS :____________________________________________ _____GIDS :____________________________________________ _____RIDS :____________________________________________ _____WWW DISPLAY :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports System 8 Parking Structure Systems (PSS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____remote controllers, and :____________________________________________ _____end devices providing control :____________________________________________ _____sensor :____________________________________________ _____displays :____________________________________________ _____visual and audible alarms :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
Notes
System 9 Property Management System (PMS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____printers :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports Sketches/ Photos Notes System 10 Ticket Counters (TC) & Gate Podiums (GP) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____CUTE capable :____________________________________________ _____Airline specific :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
Notes
System 11 COMM Cabling System Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____remote controllers, and :____________________________________________ _____end devices providing control :____________________________________________ _____sensor :____________________________________________ _____displays :____________________________________________ _____visual and audible alarms :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Bechtel National, Inc. A 10 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
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System 12 Comm Rooms & Closets (CR&C) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____Core Switches and routers :____________________________________________ _____Edge Switches and routers :___________________________________________ _____network mgmt. software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____remote controllers, and :____________________________________________ _____end devices providing control :____________________________________________ _____sensor :____________________________________________ _____displays :____________________________________________ _____visual and audible alarms :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports System 13 Local Area Network (LAN) & IMOs Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____remote controllers, and :____________________________________________ _____end devices providing control :____________________________________________ _____sensor :____________________________________________ _____displays :____________________________________________ _____visual and audible alarms :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
Notes
System 14 Phone System (PS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____PBX :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____remote controllers, and :____________________________________________ _____end devices providing control :____________________________________________ _____sensor :____________________________________________ _____displays :____________________________________________ _____visual and audible alarms :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Bechtel National, Inc. A 12 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
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System 15 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
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System 16 Government Systems (GS) TSA, FAA, Customs, Agriculture, DEA Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____remote controllers, and :____________________________________________ _____end devices providing control :____________________________________________ _____sensor :____________________________________________ _____displays :____________________________________________ _____visual and audible alarms :____________________________________________ Bechtel National, Inc. A 13 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
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Sketches/ Photos
Notes
System 17 800 Megahertz Radio System (800MRS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____antenna in terminal :____________________________________________ _____base station (s) :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
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System 18 Access Control System (ACS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____remote controllers, and :____________________________________________ Bechtel National, Inc. A 14 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports _____end devices providing control :____________________________________________ _____sensor :____________________________________________ _____displays :____________________________________________ _____visual and audible alarms :____________________________________________ _____Badge Readers :____________________________________________ _____Magnetic locks :____________________________________________ _____Tamper Switches :____________________________________________ _____Perimeter fence monitors :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
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System 19 Checkpoint Equipment System (CES) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other Specify ٱ _____Metal Detectors :____________________________________________ _____X-Ray :____________________________________________ _____Other :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports System 20 Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____Cameras :____________________________________________ _____Cabling :____________________________________________ _____Viewing :____________________________________________ _____Recording :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
Notes
System 21 Explosives Detection System (EDS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports System 22 Fire Alarm and Control System (FACS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) / panels :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____remote controllers, and :____________________________________________ _____end devices providing control :____________________________________________ _____sensor :____________________________________________ _____displays :____________________________________________ _____visual and audible alarms :____________________________________________ _____emergency public address :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
Notes
System 23 Operation Control Center (OCC) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____911 dispatch system :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports Sketches/ Photos Notes System 24 Personnel X-Ray System (PXS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ Drugs, explosive, and weapons detection via low yield x-ray.
Ratings
Dimensions
Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
Notes
System 25 Public Address (PA) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____central system :____________________________________________ _____remote amplifiers :____________________________________________ _____speakers and wiring :____________________________________________ _____microphones :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports Sketches/ Photos Notes System 26 Security Badging System (SBS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____badge printers :____________________________________________ _____cameras :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
Notes
System 27 Trace Detection System (TDS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Airports Sketches/ Photos Notes System 28 Airline Operations Systems (AOS) Conditions ٱ Totally Damaged ٱ Partially Damaged ٱ Not Damaged Functioning ٱ Partially Functioning ٱ Not Functioning ٱ Missing ٱ :Other; Specify ٱ _____communications network :____________________________________________ _____server(s) :____________________________________________ _____application software :____________________________________________ _____workstations with displays :____________________________________________ _____remote controllers, and :____________________________________________ _____end devices providing control :____________________________________________ _____sensor :____________________________________________ _____displays :____________________________________________ _____visual and audible alarms :____________________________________________ _____ARINC ground to air radio :____________________________________________ _____Airline specific systems :____________________________________________ Ratings Dimensions Remedial Actions ٱ Complete Replacement ٱ Partial Replacement ٱ None ٱ Routine Maintenance ٱ Recondition ٱ Repair ٱ Discard ٱ Other; Specify:
Sketches/ Photos
Notes
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sakjdfha Water, Waste Management, and Irrigation sakjdfha Water, Waste Management, and Irrigation
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation Bechtel’s water, waste, and irrigation teams focused assessments in three regions: Al Basrah, Heartland, and Baghdad. Water and waste facilities that have been assessed as of June 10, 2003, are listed in this appendix, followed by an evaluation of the Al Basrah potable water pump station and a pictorial presentation of the current status of many water and waste facilities assessed by our team.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation Facilities Visited by Water Team (as of June 10, 2003) Al Basrah Governorate Water Facility Safwan Basrah Airport R Zero Hartha Mouhad Unified Garma 1 Garma 2 Basrah Port (New) Basrah Port (Old) Jubaylah 1 Jubaylah 2 Al Rybat Umm Khayal Bradiyah 1 Bradiyah 2 Shaibah Abu Al Khasib Al Mhaili Sewage Treatment Plant Basrah Airport Heartland Region Water Facility An Najaf Sewage Treatment Plant Al Hillah Karbala An Najaf Ad Diwaniyah Al Kut Al Hillah Baghdad Mayoralty Water Facility Sabah Nissan Baghdad Airport Sludge Treatment Plant Baghdad Airport Bechtel National, Inc. A 22 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation Al Basrah Potable Water Pump Station Restoration Background and Assumptions Al Basrah receives raw water from the Sweet Water Canal, a 220-km-long canal that allows the area to avoid using the Shatt al Arab formed from the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. The Shatt is brackish in its lower regions and would require desalination to make it potable. This project is part of a three-part program to improve the quality of water delivered to the more than two million residents of the area. The others address the treatment plants themselves and three of the major pipelines that deliver potable water.
Many of the pumps and generators have been in service for the last 20 years and are at the end of their useful life. In addition to the age of the units and the associated controls, all have been subjected to a minimal maintenance program. Power outages during their operating life have added to the stress on the mechanical and electrical systems. Recent looting has also affected some of the facilities. Potable water deliveries have suffered because of the frequent shutdowns due to the need to take critical pumps offline for maintenance as well as the shutdowns due to power outages.
As a consequence of the above, this job order is proposed to replace the pumps and generators that have been identified as needing replacement and to refurbish those that can be salvaged either onsite if the repairs can be made relatively quickly or off-site to minimize outages due to pump replacements. Refurbishing would be done in an Iraqi facility if at all possible with initial support as needed from the respective pump manufacturers.
Existing Conditions
The following are the conditions at the proposed pump stations.
Location Condition
Um Kayyal Two 375m3/hr pumps to transfer water to Safwan: one duty and one standby.
Four 375m3/hr pumps to feed water to Khor Az Zubair: two duty and two standby.
All pumps require general maintenance and at least one needs replacement.
One 1,000 KVA standby generator, 800 kw, 1,443 amps is available at site. The generator requires significant maintenance as it has been forced to function for considerable periods of time due to main power shutdowns.
Hartha Seven 1000m3/hr feeding to Hartha: four duty and three standby. Four of the pumps are not operational and the remaining require general maintenance.
Six 1.25 KVA ABB generators; three for emergency power and three for backup.
At present, only one is operational. Replace two generators and refurbish the four inoperative generators. Once refurbished, the extra two would be used elsewhere.
Jubayla 1 Three 1,000m3/hr pumps transfer water to Jubayla: one duty and two standby.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation Jubayla 1 The pumps are in fair condition and the assumption is that they can be refurbished in place.
One 650 KVA generator for backup power located at the site. The generator is in fair condition and it is expected that it can be reconditioned onsite.
Jubayla 2 Eight 200m3/hr pumps supply potable water: four duty and four standby. All pumps from this compact unit, built in1986, require maintenance; one appears to require replacement.
Gorma 1&2 Four 200m3/hr pumps deliver water to the city: two duty and two standby. All pumps for this compact unit plant need replacement or major refurbishment.
Two generators; both require significant maintenance.
Ar Rybat Six 200m3/hr pumps transfer water to the city: three duty and three standby. All of the pumps in this three-unit, 1986 compact plant need maintenance and at least one needs replacement.
One 500 KVA standby generator provided for emergency power. The generator requires inspection and general maintenance.
Bradiya Four 400m3/hr pumps transport product water: three duty and one standby. All pumps require general maintenance. The plant was originally constructed in 1957.
Two generators are provided for backup power purposes. Both require significant maintenance to reliably supply emergency power.
Al Basrah Port Four 200m3/hr product water pumps: two duty and two standby. The plant, built in 1936, serves a local hospital and neighboring hotels. All pumps are in poor condition; at least one needs replacement.
No backup generators are available.
Al Basrah New Port
and Umm Qasr
Three 750m3/hr high lift pumps: two duty and one standby. One pump is inoperative and needs replacement; the other two need general maintenance.
Two generators, one 1,000 KVA and one 230 KVA are available for emergency power. The 230 KVA generator requires major repair or replacement; the larger unit needs general maintenance.
Rzero Seven 1000m3/hr treated water pumps: five duty and two standby.
Two 1,250 KVA and three 891 KVA generators used for emergency power. All generators require refurbishment.
Recommendation
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation The assessment of the pump stations and the associated backup power supplies indicate that a number of the units should be replaced and that the remaining units require various levels of refurbishment. In addition to the mechanical and electrical rotating equipment, many of the valves need replacing and power and control systems need upgrading. To expedite the work at hand, we propose to issue purchase orders for pumps, valves, and related control systems so there is direct control of the equipment that will be available for the rehabilitation/installation contractor when onsite. The equipment will be free-issued to the contractor. If possible, we would purchase the pumps from one or two suppliers to improve equipment commonality and to attempt to obtain a quantity discount on the equipment purchase.
Table 1 summarizes the results of the pump assessments, shows the size and number of each of the pumps in the various potable water pumping stations, indicates how many are recommended for replacement, and the number recommended for rehabilitation. Based on the assessment, we recommend replacing four of the 47, 1,000m3/hr pumps need replacing, one of the seven 750 m3/hr, one of the four 400m3/hr and eight of the 24, 200m3/hr pumps. Further, we recommend adding one of each size as a contingency for pricing purposes, resulting in a total of 18 new pumps and motors of the system that currently has 82 duty/standby pumps. The remainder would receive rehabilitation by an Iraqi contractor with support from the appropriate pump supplier as required.
Table 1: Summary of Al Basrah Potable Water Pump Requirements Pump Station Location Pump Size (m3/hr) Action required 1000 750 400 375 200 (m3/hr) (m3/hr) (m3/hr) (m3/hr) (m3/hr) Replace Rehab Al Mouhad 6 6 Al Mouhad 3 3 Al Rybat 6 1 5 Al Basrah Port 4 1 3 Al Basrah Port and Umm Qasr 3 1 2 Bradiya 4 4 Gorma 4 3 1 Hartha 7 4 3 Jubayla 8 1 7 R Zero 4 4 R Zero 34 34 Um Kayyal 6 1 5 Total Required 40 7 14 6 22 12 77 Bechtel National, Inc. A 25 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation For generators, we propose utilizing an existing Bechtel power purchase contract to obtain the required new generators. Results of the assessments suggest that four new generators are required, three 1,250 KVA units and one 230 KVA unit. The remainder of the 18 units should be rehabilitated and returned to service.
The estimate for this job order is based on the above and on the assumption that all the new pumps and generators will require new electrical and control systems and that the remaining units will require the equivalent of 25% of the cost of new electrical and control systems to reestablish them as reliable pumping and generating systems.
Table 2 summarizes the results for the generator set assessments.
Table 2: Summary of Al Basrah Potable Water Generator Requirements Pump Station Location Power (KVA) Action required 1250 1000 891 650 500 230 (KVA) (KVA) (KVA) (KVA) (KVA) (KVA) Replace Rehab Al Mouhad 3 1 2 Al Rybat 1 1 Al Basrah Port and Umm Qasr 1 1 Al Basrah Port and Umm Qasr 1 1 Bradiya 1 Gorma 1 1 Hartha 6 2 4 Jubayla 1 1 R Zero 3 3 R Zero 2 2 Um Kayyal 1 1 Total Required 12 2 3 1 1 5 16 Bechtel National, Inc. A 26 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation Current Status The following photographs provide the current status of many water and wastewater facilities assessed in Iraq.
As the assessment report states, the water utilities in Iraq are generally in need of urgent attention. However, it is worth noting the plans of the government regarding the potable water treatment and wastewater treatment.
Figure 1 shows the site labeled R0 by the Iraqis. Intentions were to create master sites, R0 to R1 and so on;
however R0 was the only site to be built leaving the rest of the Al Basrah area in desperate need of attention.
New equipment installed (see Figures 2a-c) adheres to British/European standards with many new levers and fittings labeled in both English and Arabic. The above dosing unit situated on the outskirts of Al Basrah was extremely modern despite the decrepit state of the surrounding facilities.
Figure 1
Figure 2a Figure 2b Figure 2c Despite the extreme neglect of many sites, a limited number of sites showed signs of improved systems and upgrades to come. However, for various reasons, the equipment seen in the figures above is not common. A Bechtel National, Inc. A 27 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation number of new installations have been looted, resulting in a serious impact on the distribution of drinking water.
As pumps and control systems failed, so did the distribution of the water. The amount of available water has diminished, leading to illegal tapping of water mains as shown in Figures 3a-d. The tapping of water mains has caused downstream problems. For example, as water pressure falls, pumps requiring an incoming flow hydro-lock under the lack of pressure causing instant failure of pumps and further failures downstream. In addition, the bacterial content within the water main, now open to external contamination and flowing at a much slower rate, increases exponentially.
Figure 3a Figure 3b
Figure 3c Figure 3d
Cholera, hepatitis, and e-coli were all spread through cross contamination due to the hazardous environment that prevailed through the lack of awareness and desperation of the Iraqi people.
Figure 4 shows local children swimming in raw water, while Figure 5 shows the raw water leaking from a break in the pipe.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation Figure 4 Figure 5 Serious structural damage to water treatment plants and wastewater plants did not occur in the recent conflict.
The bulk of the problems stem either from neglect due to the lack of maintenance and crucial supplies being available to the maintenance teams and looting. The end result is a vast quantity of vital systems within the plants requiring refurbishment or replacing. Items such as filters, scrapers, and pumps, all of which are essential items within the water treatment process, rely on regular maintenance to ensure they can operate correctly.
In some locations, many removable units have been looted and items such as motors for the scrapers and wheels have been removed. Panels have been stripped of copper content as well as distribution boards and general terminations. Power cables have been removed from some sites, as have signaling cable and PLCs from within the wall and floor mounted enclosures.
Current Status Summary
The following is a compilation of the current status:
Significant reduction in water treatment, often passing water through the plant untreated (i.e., without any form of filtration or dosing), has resulted in the potential for uncontrollable distribution of water- born disease throughout the water network Lack of water pressure causing further serious problems such as blockages within the distribution network Grit erosion of network pipelines, valves, and pumps Decaying buildings Leaking tanks and chemical leakage at some sites Bechtel National, Inc. A 29 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation Figure 6 Figure 7 A scraper unit on bricks, a result of looting. Many gauges will require replacement; all will require functionality checks.
Figure 8
Pumps will require testing under all conditions to ensure availability. Many will require refurbishment rather than replacing.
Figure 9
In many cases, the resin inside UPVC fittings has become brittle causing leaks to occur.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation Figure 10 Figure 11 Holes and gaps in cables need to be filled using foam. A three-phase supply is available at most sites surveyed, however, in some cases there is no provisions for a backup supply.
Figure 12 Figure 13
Control panels stripped of contents. Copper content within the enclosures has been removed.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation Figure 14 Chlorination equipment failed due to lack of maintenance and the lack of chlorine often caused operators to shutdown the device for long periods of time resulting in blockages.
Figure 15
At many plants, the power cables, signal cables, and pump control instrumentation has been removed.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation Figure 16 Figure 17 In some instances, where protected cable was not available, the operator has used domestic flexible mains cable without a gland. This example puts the entire site in danger as the cable runs past chlorine tanks.
Temporary glands to be replaced with permanent, rodent-resistant, IP 54 (minimum) international standard glands.
Figure 18 Figure 19
Some panels require simple cleanup. In addition to the panels, general cable runs need attention.
Here, a 415 V, three-phase supply from the generator has been pulled into the transformer room with little concern for hazards around the draw pit.
Figure 20a, 20b
Either through conflict damage or operator attempts to cool components, enclosures are in need of repair or replacement to protect the internal units from rodents.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation Figure 21 Figure 22 For unknown reasons, many cabinets have instrumentation missing without signs of cannibalism. Although this allows cooler operation for the equipment, it does cause potential rodent problems.
Some equipment is fully operational and requires only minimal work. The unit shown here needs to be mounted in a more appropriate, functional, and safe manner.
Civil Works Identified
Figure 23 Figure 24
All sites need to be cleared of disposable items. Concrete cable troughs exposing power cables beneath the broken lids create a potential hazard and provide rodents with a man-made habitat.
Figure 25 Figure 26
Many buildings require only aesthetic repairs. Due to the inoperability of control valves, a cleanup operation will be required at most wastewater treatment plants Bechtel National, Inc. A 34 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation Figure 27 Figure 28 Many containment walls require attention as the load bearings have grown larger than anticipated.
Often, only a general cleanup is required.
Figure 29 Figure 30
Penstocks shown in Figure 29 require rehabilitation due to lack of maintenance. A lack of grease reduced control over the the plant’s operation often resulting in flooding Bechtel National, Inc. A 35 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation Sewage Treatment Facilities Although water facilities have deteriorated, most sewage treatment capacity has received less priority for parts and repair. The result is many existing plants are in poor mechanical and electrical condition or are entirely out of service. This lack of treatment has resulted in raw sewage being dumped directly into rivers.
Figure 31 Figure 32
Photo of an aeration tank with old sludge decaying on cleaning will be required prior to refurbishment. Out-of-service clarifier with old decaying tank base;
sludge at base.
Figure 33 Figure 34
Out-of-service primary clarifier. Sludge crust produced by rising solids provoked by gas production from decaying sludge. Cleaning will be required before refurbishment. Aerators, gearboxes, and other key mechanical equipment have either been looted or Cannibalized for spare parts for other units.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Water, Waste, & Irrigation Figure 35 Out of service clarifier.
Figure 36
Scene from a site on the outskirts of Al Basrah where UXO has been removed. Safety is of paramount importance and therefore all work is to be conducted with this is mind.
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sakjdfha Rail, Roads, and Bridges sakjdfha Rail, Roads, and Bridges
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Rail, Roads, and Bridges The following are included in this Appendix:
CPA Priority Bridge Spreadsheet. This is a snapshot of current priority bridge projects and their locations, status, and assessment remarks. This report is frequently updated by the Ministry of Housing and Construction.
Railway Track Near Al Basrah. This appendix presents an overview of track conditions at the Port of Umm Qasr and along the mainline near Al Basrah.
Railway Running Sheds and Workshops Near Al Basrah. These photographs and narrative illustrate the current conditions of railroad support facilities near Al Basrah.
Railway Safety. This report lists a number of safety issues found near Al Basrah.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Rail, Roads, and Bridges Railway Track Near Al Basrah The condition of the track, both in the Port at Umm Qasr and on the main line near Al Basrah, varies significantly, but at no location can be described as better than poor. The highest speed recorded by the assessment team on the freight service between Umm Qasr and Shaibah was 40km/h.
Much of the permanent way is unballasted and has significant faults in relation to line, level, and twist. Despite local claims of the existence of a maintenance program, little evidence was found to support the activities of the 250 track and structures engineering staff. Basic activities that do not require capital equipment, such as lifting and packing, cleaning of flangeways, and maintenance of gauge, do not appear to be occurring.
Major corrective work is urgently required in order to provide a safe and reliable permanent way, but this must be combined with assisting local staff to develop and implement an effective preventative maintenance program.
The following photos illustrate some of the deficiencies observed.
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Figure 1. Kinked and sunken track in the old port at Umm Qasr.Bechtel National, Inc. A 42 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Rail, Roads, and Bridges Figure 2. Main line north of Umm Qasr with evidence of looting of bulk ammonia.
Figure 3. The main line in Az Zubayr; speed is limited to 25 kph.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Rail, Roads, and Bridges Figure 4. Main line over culvert with evidence of derailment. Note poorly bolted fishplate over the culvert and inadequately secured sleepers.
Figure 5. Unsupported Rail. While this is one of the few locations with ballast, the sleepers (ties) have been stolen, making the line unusable.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Rail, Roads, and Bridges Railway Running Sheds and Workshops Near Al Basrah While no overhauls take place at either Al Basrah or Umm Qasr, Al Basrah is responsible for maintaining locomotives allocated to the region and Umm Qasr for preparing locomotives and rolling stock for the 550 km journey to Baghdad.
The Umm Qasr shed has been comprehensively looted; even the roof has been stolen. Army tankers within the port boundaries are currently refueling locomotives. With no facilities or spares and very limited tools, the local staff, under the direction of Army personnel, are cannibalizing what they can to keep the limited service running.
No freight vehicles are cleaned before being loaded with foodstuffs, despite lack of knowledge on previous cargos.
The Al Basrah shed, which is required to carry out intermediate overhauls, has been looted with even the forge being removed. While full rehabilitation is not critical in the short-term, the replacement of specific items of equipment and providing a safe electrical supply are necessary.
Figure 6. Umm Qasr shed with stolen roof, water tank, and fuelling equipment. Note also heavy ground pollution.
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Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Rail, Roads, and Bridges Figure 7. Flooded pit and forge (with empty equipment slots) in Al Basra shed Figure 8. Al Basrah shed jacking control panel Bechtel National, Inc. A 46 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Rail, Roads, and Bridges Railway Safety From direct observation, no part of the railway can currently be considered safe in conventional terms. The following items, witnessed during one assessment visit, represent a fraction of the total number of safety issues:
Train reversed at approximately 10 mph into stationary locomotive Train reversed across two public roads without protection or warning Train moved while preparation staff were working between vehicle wheels Train in collision with a large piece of sheet steel at port gate Locomotive on arriving train derailed outside Umm Qasr Camel struck and killed by train Staff appear to have no common signals for movement instructions Between Umm Qasr and Shaibah, train struck five separate objects placed on the line in order to stop the train When stationary outside Umm Qasr, train attacked by looters who opened container Flat trucks do not all have lugs to secure containers Not all vehicles braked or piped (freight trains operating at least partially unfitted with heavy reliance on locomotive braking) No use made of the reservoir pipe on the brake system No brake test performed prior to departure Brake pistons and valves stolen Brake shoes on locomotives and wagons missing or very thin No tail marker on train Axle box covers removed and grease extracted (allegedly for fuel) Sand and dirt incursion into axle boxes Axle oil feed equipment stolen Al Basra station has no communication with the next station down the line Locomotives have no communication with stations Trains enter single line on timetable principle without certainty that it is clear No records of locomotive or vehicle maintenance were identified Bechtel National, Inc. A 47 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Rail, Roads, and Bridges Vehicles not cleaned before being loaded with foodstuffs Inspection pits flooded with oil and other liquids Strong smell of diesel at one location in Basra shed Track condition at best can be described as poor Numerous slips, trips, and fall hazards Explosive ordnance disposal issues on entire route and in the workshops The photographs in this appendix illustrate a fraction of the safety issues identified to date.
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Figure 9. Result of collision between train and dock gateBechtel National, Inc. A 48 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Rail, Roads, and Bridges Figure 10. Typical wiring condition in Al Basrah Locomotive Shed Figure 11. Typical wheel set from recently arrived wagon. Note missing brake block, axle box cover, and oil feed, also the lack of grease and ingress of dirt to the axle box Bechtel National, Inc. A 49 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Rail, Roads, and Bridges Figure 11. Typical wagon end. Note missing brake block and pipes Figure 12. Brake piston on grain hopper (the majority of the hoppers were also missing distribution valves) Bechtel National, Inc. A 50 24910-000—GRR-GAM-00001 Appendices.doc
Iraq Infrastructure Reconstruction Program Assessment Report Appendix – Rail, Roads, and Bridges Figure 13. Locomotive brake block (to right of picture) taken just before departure on 550km journey. With no train brakes, this thin block, with others on the locomotive of similar quality, has to stop the whole train.
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الرئيسية / الوكالة الأمريكية للتنمية / AID-20c23158
الوكالة الأمريكية للتنمية
USAID Iraq contract document: iirii_rfp031002attach10
- التاريخ
- غير معروف
- النص متوفر
- الإنكليزية
- المصدر
- الوكالة الأمريكية للتنمية — أرشيف الإنترنت
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