3a-Minefield Extraction-Mounted and Dismounted ver 2

طرق الخروج من حقول الالغام المهمة الخروج من حقول الالغام راكبا – في عجله. . غير محمول ـ على الاقدام الغرض لادراك وفهم الحركه الفوريه المطلوبه من الاشخاص عندما يلاحظون انهم في منطقه الغام غير معروفه او الشك انهم في منطقه ملوثه بالالغام. لتطوير المهارات الضرورية لكي تتم عملية الخروج بأمان من قبل افراد او من قبل وحدة(مجموعة) مترجلين او على مركبات ولانقاذ الضحايا. . الموقف (الحاله) انك في منطقه تحتوي على الغام مدفونه واسلاك عثرة والغام فعاله .ولديك اجهزة الوخز (المجس) – متحسسات اسلاك العثره-ومعدات الحمايه الشخصيه وادوات التاشير وعجله . المعايير خروج الاشخاص من منطقة الالغام 1.راجلا 2.من عجله يجب ان تكون تحت هذه الشروط بدون ان تسبب أي جرح شخصي او تفجير لغم ـ عندما تكون اثار بصمات الارجل واضحة للعيان. - ـ عندما لاتكون بصمات الارجل واضحة للعيان - ـ من العجلة - المبادئ الاساسية التوقف قدر (خمن) سجل انسحب قم بالأعلام انظر/ تحسس / استخدم الواخز التطبيق: انظرـ الغام ،اسلاك عثرة ، معرقلات تحسس ـ صحون الضغط ،الاشياء المستدقه الراس الوخز ـ 30 درجة ،1“ الفراغ ، 3“العمق. كرر العملية حتى خارج المنطقة الخطرة الوخز ـ 30 درجة ،1“ الفراغ ، 3“العمق. الفردي وحدة(مجموعة) الخروج الغير محمول (على الاقدام) ..نفذ الحركه الفوريه اتباع مبادئ (ساندي) استخدم طريقة الخروج الى منطقه امنه معروفه _ ارجع الى الوراء باستخدام بصمات الارجل. استخدم الواخز للخروج الى منطقه امنه معروفه استخدم الواخز بوضع البروك الخروج راجلا ـ الفردي الخروج المترجل ـ بشكل انفرادي ـ بصمات الارجل الخروج باتجاه معاكس باستخدام بصمات الارجل توقف هناك لغم الة“الوخز ـ اللمس ـ التطلع“ الاستخراج المترجل ـ الانفرادي ـ ليس هناك بصمات ارجل - الاستخراج المترجل ـ الانفرادي ـ ليس هناك بصمات ارجل مجس“وسلة التخطي“للانتقال الى الخطوة الاخرى تنفيذ عمل فوري طبق مبادئ (ساندي) استخراج بالة الوخز عند عدم توفر مساعدة اشر وسجل الاستخراج بواسطة العجلات المدولبة الاستخراج بواسطة العجلات المدولبة الاستخراج بواسطة العجلات المدولبة استخدام مؤشر الاطارات على الارض الاستخراج بواسطة العجلات المدولبة اذا لم تتوفر اشارات السيارة استخدم الوخز عن طريق بصمات الارجل السابقة استخراج الضحية الاستمرار بطمأنة الضحية اخرج نفسك وأشّر المسار كرر الدخول على طول المسافة المؤشرة ارسم طريق واضح الى الضحية استرد الضحية استخراج الضحية (باستمرار) استخراج الضحية (باستمرار) استخراج الضحية الخلاصــــة ابقي على الطريق ضع علامة على الالغام لا ترفــــع الالغـــــــــــام احمل معك دائما خارطة المعلومات المعتمده عن حقول الالغام دائما لاتكن في عجلة .....ابطئ الحركة! أي أسئلــــــــــــــــــة؟ تمارين عمليـــــــــــــة الاسلوب الفني في(التطلع/اللمس/الوخز) 2. الاستخراج المترجل من حقل الالغام 3. ارفع الضحية من حقل الالغام THIS SUMMARY, THOUGH ATTACHED TO THE LAST LESSON, IS A SUMMARY OF ALL FOUR CLASSROOM LESSONS AND GIVEN PRIOR TO MOVEMENT TO PRACTICAL EXERCISE SITES. Main issues to take away are: Not making audience into EOD specialists nor do we want you to become one. With adequate training the threat from mines is significantly reduced and missions can be conducted with success in mine affected areas. Mines awareness is an All Arms Skill not just Sappers, EOD, and Intelligence types. Reaction to mine strikes is terrifying . Rehearsed training and immediate command and control will assist in stabilizing the situation before additional casualties occur. Remember, if you are not in contact with the enemy...you have the rest of your life to get out of the situation. Speed will kill you. Time and diligence will save you. Some of the main points are: Remind audience about not leaving the hardball! Mark the area to make it safe for future patrols and civilians Reinforce the lessons of asking locals and learning from them. Chase up the S2 for local intelligence. Do Not Pick Up Mines Speaks for itself. Carry Minefield Maps INTEL, INTEL, INTEL – collect as much as you can prior to deploying, before ops, etc. The more the better, where, what type, who laid them, how, marking, recording, minestrikes, clearance ops, cleared /approved routes, etc. This period will be split down into: Basic principles Foot extraction Mounted extraction Casualty extraction Key to all emergencies such as entering a mine field is CONTROL. You will hear about retention of control throughout this phase of the training and during the PE’s. Control is crucial as movement of 1 cm by one person could set off a mine that kills everybody! ANY QUESTIONS If there are no questions, conduct summary of classroom instruction (all classes). Don’t be in a hurry-slow down! MINES AWARENESS IS A MATTER OF ATTITUDE. That concludes the classroom element of this training. Are there any last questions on anything covered thus far? Next move onto the Practical Exercises (PE) A. Look/Feel/Probe technique B. Foot Extraction C. Casualty Extraction Mention any administrative details relating to the PE training. Ensure that the students have a clear understanding of the purpose of the presentation. Continually reinforce this purpose throughout the presentation by restating it as the points are developed. Explain how the points are linked and form a comprehensive reaction to a mine hazard. Explain the acronym SANDI. All students have the SANDI GTA and should refer to it throughout the training. List the key elements of the SANDI acronym. We will develop each of these points individually. Instruct the students in the proper execution of the Look/Feel/Probe drill. Describe that the students are looking for obvious signs of landmine activity or UXO hazards. They are looking for actual mines or UXO, tripwires, pressure plates, fuse prongs, disturbances, or anything out of the ordinary. Soldiers should observe their surroundings in all directions, including up since some munitions such as the MON-100 and MON-200 can be tree mounted. Soldiers must also be aware of dummy tripwires that are intended to get the soldier looking and responding in one direction while the actual threat exists in another direction. Explain that the soldier is to feel the area to be probed using very light, fingertip pressure. They are to lightly disturb loose vegetation such as dead leaves. Soldiers are feeling for pressure plates, prongs, or tripwires. Once the soldier has completed Look/Feel they are to begin probing an area in accordance with the leader’s instructions (18” diameter “footprint” or lane). This point will be reinforced during the afternoon’s practical exercises. Students must understand that the proper technique mandates a 30 degree probe angle to the horizontal, 2 cm or 1 inch spacing, and a depth of 3 inches. Probe the area as far forward as comfortable. Hold the probe in either hand, with the palm up, allowing the blunt end of the probe to extend beyond the cup of the palm. Apply just enough pressure on the probe to sink it slowly into the ground at a 30° angle and to a depth of 3 inches The drill is repeated until out of the known or suspected threat area. There are essentially two scenarios to consider, extraction as an individual and extraction as a group/unit. All extraction drills begin with the recognition of a strong or weak indicator. The soldier must conduct immediate action which is to conduct Immediate Action, which is to stop immediately in his tracks. Movement of as little as 1 cm may cause a detonation. The soldier applies the SANDI principles. He assesses the indicator and determines whether it is strong or weak. If weak, and no other indicators are evident, he moves on with caution. If it is a strong indicator, then the soldier must determine a course of action and assess the location of a known safe area. He must also consider whether he can expect support in the form of an EOD or engineer quick reaction force to aid his extraction. He makes mental notes about his location, terrain, and type of hazard discovered for use in reporting in accordance with SOP UXO Spot Report format. Once the soldier has fully assessed the situation and has determined that self-extraction is necessary, he must decide a method to use. There are three methods: 1) Reverse out using visible footprints, 2) Probe out using “footprints” or “stepping stones”, 3) Probe a 0.6m lane in the prone position. We will develop each of these techniques individually. Execute Immediate Action, STOP. Alert all members in the patrol. Apply SANDI principles as noted during dismounted lesson. If the vehicle has been involved in a mine strike and no other threats exist (fire, ammo, etc.) stay in vehicle and radio for assistance. There is only a minimal risk of detonating mines due to RF. Stay in vehicle and wait for help to arrive. If there is no response, no help available, or there is a risk associated with staying in the vehicle, then commence the extraction drill. If you have a casualty in a minefield, the drills changes significantly. RESIST THE URGE TO RUSH IMMEDIATELY TO THE AID OF THE CASUALTY. Carry out immediate action and gain control of the situation. Call for help. Tell casualty not to move since movement may detonate other mines. Shout first aid advice to the casualty and coach on self-aid first aid. Wait for the arrival of a rescue team if available. If the rescue team is going to be too late, begin extraction drill. Extract remainder of the team to the known safe area ensuring that spacing is maintained and then return to aid the casualty. In order to extract the casualty via a carry technique, probe a 1m lane to the soldier and a 1m area around his body. Be careful to clear close into the body with adequate attention paid to areas such as behind the knees and the small of the back. In order to extract the casualty via a stretcher, probe a 2m lane to the soldier and a 2m area around the body being sure to observe the same cautions as noted above. Buddy evacuates the casualty down the cleared area and gets the casualty to aid. Buddy marks the exit point and reports to higher HQ. Single person enters minefield. If there are visible footprints, the soldier may decide to reverse out of the hazard using them. There are strengths and weaknesses associated with this technique. Strength: It is the fastest method of extraction. Weakness: Going back along footprints is dangerous. The foot shape is the opposite of the imprint, so the foot will tread on new soil. A mine fuse may be right next to the “outward” print, but under the foot of a return print. Frame 1: Soldier has moved off the known safe area and has spotted strong indicator and conducts Immediate Action. Frame 2: Soldier calls for help, none forthcoming. Frame 3: Soldier assesses the situation, determines shortest route to safety, identifies an extraction technique (reverse out using footprints), and mentally notes information for follow on reports. Frame 4 & 5: Soldier carefully steps into his footprints and follows his footprints to the safe area. Frame 6: Soldier marks his entrance/exit point and reports. Single person enters minefield. Footprints cannot be seen. Frame 1: Soldier conducts Immediate Action drill, STOP. Frame 2: Soldier calls for help. Frame 3: Negative response. Frame 4: Soldier identifies shortest route to safe area. Frame 5: Soldier commences LOOK/FEEL/PROBE drill by observing the immediate vicinity of his feet. Reinforce what the soldier is looking and feeling for: pressure plates, prongs, tripwires, etc. Continuation of previous slide. Frame 6: Shows soldier probing around his feet. This is a difficult task from two perspectives. First, it is difficult to maintain balance in this position. Second, it is almost impossible to conduct the probing drill correctly, that is, probe at a 30 degree angle in this position. It is more likely that the soldier will probe more vertically and risk detonating a mine. Frame 7: Demonstrates the soldier probing at a 30 degree angle to the horizontal Frame 8: Demonstrates the soldier probing the “footprint” or “stepping stone”. Soldier probes an 18-inch diameter “footprint” or “stepping stone” forward of his position. He marks the center of the cleared area with a marking device (poker chip), steps into the cleared area, turns around and begins the extraction toward the known safe area. Frame 9: Soldier probes a series of cleared areas, marking each as he progresses. Once out of the danger area, soldier marks cleared exit area. If the patrol can see the tire tracks: Try to exit the vehicle directly onto the the vehicle tracks. Conduct LOOK/FEEL drill since some fuse prongs are known to fit between the tire treads on wheeled vehicles or between the links in a caterpillar track. Conduct extraction down tire tracks to last known safe area. Maintain a 10m spacing. Once at the last known safe area, mark danger area by blocking the route and report to HQ. NOTE: Tank tracks do not cover the entire area. There are gaps between the track pins. There are records of mine fuses sticking up through these gaps where the track has “missed” the fuse. If you extract down a tank track beware that mines might still be in the track. Might wish to use LFP drill in tank tracks. If the tracks are not visible, exit the vehicle using the safest exit point available. Extraction over the bed of the truck is the most likely method, however, depending on the height of the bed, it may be safer to extract out a door and then clear to the rear of the vehicle before clearing an area for soldiers to dismount into. Maintain a 10m spacing during movement. Frame 1: Soldier detonates a mine and becomes a casualty. Frame 2: Buddy shouts self-aid instructions to the casualty and calls for assistance. Frame 3: No help is available, extraction must be conducted. Frame 4: Buddy probes a 1m lane (carry technique) or a 2m lane (stretcher) to the casualty and a similar area around the casualty. He then administers first aid. TASK Minefield Extraction Mounted- In a vehicle Dismounted- On foot CONDITION You are in an area containing buried mines and tripwire-activated mines, given a probing device, a trip wire feeler, personal protective equipment, marking material, and a vehicle PROBE - 30° angle, 1” spacing, 3” depth Squatted and prone Vehicle mounted extraction Causality Extraction PRACTICAL EXERCISES Look/Feel/Probe Technique Dismounted Extraction From a Minefield Remove Casualty From a Minefield